طاعون

Arabic

Etymology

Of the root ط ع ن‎ (ṭ-ʕ-n). The pattern suggests a borrowing from Classical Syriac ܛܳܥܘܿܢܳܐ‎ (ṭāʿōnā) from ܛܥܷܢ‎ (ṭʿen, “to carry”), related to Arabic ظَعَنَ‎ (ẓaʕana, “to depart”), though the Syriac is not known to mean a disease but “carrier”. The semantic evolution would either be via “to carry as a burden, to endure“ with the ailment understood as hardship, or via “transport” developing the meaning of transmission, the plague being transmitted quickly by vectors. Compare also the other Arabic name of the disease, مُوتَان‎ (mūtān) from another Semitic language.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tˤaː.ʕuːn/

Noun

طَاعُون • (ṭāʕūn) m (plural طَوَاعِين‎ (ṭawāʕīn))

epidemic disease, plague, pestilence, pest

Declension

Declension of noun طَاعُون (ṭāʕūn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	طَاعُون ṭāʕūn	الطَّاعُون‎ aṭ-ṭāʕūn	طَاعُون ṭāʕūn
Nominative	طَاعُونٌ ṭāʕūnun	الطَّاعُونُ‎ aṭ-ṭāʕūnu	طَاعُونُ ṭāʕūnu
Accusative	طَاعُونًا‎ ṭāʕūnan	الطَّاعُونَ‎ aṭ-ṭāʕūna	طَاعُونَ ṭāʕūna
Genitive	طَاعُونٍ ṭāʕūnin	الطَّاعُونِ‎ aṭ-ṭāʕūni	طَاعُونِ ṭāʕūni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	طَاعُونَيْن‎ ṭāʕūnayn	الطَّاعُونَيْن‎ aṭ-ṭāʕūnayn	طَاعُونَيْ‎ ṭāʕūnay
Nominative	طَاعُونَانِ‎ ṭāʕūnāni	الطَّاعُونَانِ‎ aṭ-ṭāʕūnāni	طَاعُونَا‎ ṭāʕūnā
Accusative	طَاعُونَيْنِ‎ ṭāʕūnayni	الطَّاعُونَيْنِ‎ aṭ-ṭāʕūnayni	طَاعُونَيْ‎ ṭāʕūnay
Genitive	طَاعُونَيْنِ‎ ṭāʕūnayni	الطَّاعُونَيْنِ‎ aṭ-ṭāʕūnayni	طَاعُونَيْ‎ ṭāʕūnay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	طَوَاعِين‎ ṭawāʕīn	الطَّوَاعِين‎ aṭ-ṭawāʕīn	طَوَاعِين‎ ṭawāʕīn
Nominative	طَوَاعِينُ‎ ṭawāʕīnu	الطَّوَاعِينُ‎ aṭ-ṭawāʕīnu	طَوَاعِينُ‎ ṭawāʕīnu
Accusative	طَوَاعِينَ‎ ṭawāʕīna	الطَّوَاعِينَ‎ aṭ-ṭawāʕīna	طَوَاعِينَ‎ ṭawāʕīna
Genitive	طَوَاعِينَ‎ ṭawāʕīna	الطَّوَاعِينِ‎ aṭ-ṭawāʕīni	طَوَاعِينِ‎ ṭawāʕīni

Synonyms

وَبَأ‎ (wabaʔ), وَبَاء‎ (wabāʔ), مُوتَان‎ (mūtān)

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: taun
→ Medieval Latin: althaum, althoin
‌ → Ottoman Turkish: طاعون‎ (taun)
- Turkish: taun
→ Persian: طاعون‎
→ Uzbek: toun

References

“ṭˁwn²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 265
Steiger, Arnald (1960), “Voces de origen oriental contenidas en el Tesoro lexicográfico de Samuel Gili Gaya”, in Revista de Filología Española‎ (in Spanish), volume 43, issue 1.^o–2.^o, →DOI, page 53

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.