طرخشقون

• طَلْخَشْقُوق‎ (ṭalḵašqūq), طَلْخَشْقُون‎ (ṭalḵašqūn), طَرْخَشْقُوق‎ (ṭarḵašqūq), طَلَخَشْقُوق‎ (ṭalaḵašqūq), طَلَخَشْقُون‎ (ṭalaḵašqūn), طَرَخَشْقُوق‎ (ṭaraḵašqūq), طَلَخْشَقُوق‎ (ṭalaḵšaqūq), طَلَخْشَقُون‎ (ṭalaḵšaqūn), طَرَخْشَقُوق‎ (ṭaraḵšaqūq), طَرْشَقُون‎ (ṭaršaqūn), طَرْشَقُوق‎ (ṭaršaqūq), طَلَخْقُوق‎ (ṭalaḵqūq), طَلَخْكُوك‎ (ṭalaḵkūk)

From Middle Persian *tarrag-ī škōhān (literally “herb of the poor”), so called because it is rarely eaten other than in times of famine. The former word is known in Classical Persian تره‎ (tarra, “herb”), the latter widespread in Middle Iranian but not continued into Classical Persian in the meaning “poor” though possibly identical to شکوه‎ (šokuh, “pomp, magnificence; gravity, reverence”), شکوه‎ (šikūh, “fear, terror”), شکوخ‎ (šokux, šekux, “slip, stumble, fall”), exposing the plural ending ـان‎ (-ân). The variant forms of the phytonym commencing with طَلـ (ṭal-) relate to تلخ‎ (talx, “bitter”), endings in ـق (-q) to چکوک‎ (čakuk, “purslane”), which is not a known word anymore. The combined plant-name is in Neo-Persian barely recorded as تلخ‌چکوک‎ (talx-čakuk), تلخ‌جکوک‎ (talx-jakuk), تلخ‌چوک‎ (talx-čuk), تلخ‌جوک‎ (talx-juk, “wild succory”), ousted by کاسنی‎ (kâsni).

• (now most common) IPA^(key): /tˤar.xaʃ.quːn/

طَرْخَشْقُون or طَرَخَشْقُون or طَرَخْشَقُون • (ṭarḵašqūn or ṭaraḵašqūn or ṭaraḵšaqūn) m

1. dandelion (Taraxacum gen. et spp.)
   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام‎ [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة‎ [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 33, page 601:

     ‏يؤخذ طرخشقون مجفف وعدس ونورة أجزاء سواء ويسحق الجميع وينخل ويعجن بسمن بقري عتيق ثم يوضع منه على فتيلة ويدخل في الناصور نافع وربما نفع وربما نفع منه الكي بالنار.‎‎

     One takes dried dandelion and lentils and lime at equal parts and grinds all and sieves and kneads with old cow butter and then one applies from it unto a wick and enters the fistula. It may be successful, however cauterization might prove more effective.

   Synonym: هِنْدِبَاء‎ (hindibāʔ)

2. common chicory, Belgian endive (Cichorium intybus)

   Synonym: هِنْدِبَاء بَرِّيَّة‎ (hindibāʔ barriyya)

• Translingual: Taraxacum

  → Portuguese: taráxaco

• → Persian: طلخشکوک‎, طلخ شکوک‎
• → Classical Syriac: ܛܪܫܩܘܩܐ‎

• Colditz, Iris (2000), “Mp. (i)škōh, parth. iskōh. Etymologie und semantische Entwicklung”, in Zur Sozialterminologie der iranischen Manichäer. Eine semantische Analyse im Vergleich zu den nichtmanichäischen iranischen Quellen (Iranica; 5) (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 166 seqq..
• Corriente, F. (1997) A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 29)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 327
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “طرخشقون”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 33
• Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 434–435
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “تلخجكوك”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 321
• Vullers, Johann August (1855), “طرخشقون”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum (in Latin), volume I, Bonn: Adolf Marcus, page 457b
• “ṭrḥšqwq”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• طرخشقون‎ on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ar