طرخون

From Ancient Greek δρακόντιον (drakóntion, “edder-wort, Dracunculus vulgaris”, a plant with similar leaves, confused in pharmacopoeiae as both plants were not everywhere available), from δράκων (drákōn, “dragon, serpent”) relating to the shape of its leaves.

• IPA^(key): /tˤar.xuːn/

طَرْخُون • (ṭarḵūn) m

1. tarragon, estragon (Artemisia dracunculus, growing plant and processed form)
   • 1025, ابن سينا (Avicenna), القانون في الطب‎ [Canon Medicinae], Rome: Stamperia Orientale Medicea, published 1593, Liber 2, page 182:

     ‏طرخون‏:‏ الماهية‏:‏ هو معروف قالوا‏:‏ أن عاقر قرحا هو أصل الطرخون الجبلي‏.‏
     الطبع‏:‏ الظاهر أنه حار يابس إلى الثانية وإن كانت فيه قوة مخدرة‏.‏
     وقال بعض من لا يعتمد عليهِ‏:‏ إنه حار يابس‏.‏
     الخواص‏:‏ هو يجفف الرطوبات منشف لها وفيه تبريد ما نافع‏.‏
     أعضاء النفس‏:‏ يحدث وجع الحلق‏.‏
     أعضاء الغذاء‏:‏ عسر الهضم‏.‏
     أعضاء النفض‏:‏ يقطع شهوة الباه‏.‏‎

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام‎ [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة‎ [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 30, Art. 14, page 388:

     ‏الثمرا هي من أنواع الشبرم وفي كتاب ابن سينا الشبرم ينبت في البساتين له قصب دقيق مستو ذو زغب وورق كورق الطرخون فيما أفدر وله لين‎

     The ṯamrā is a type of spurge and in Avicenna’s book the spurge grows in gardens and has tender and even sticks of down and leaves like the leaves of tarragon but larger and it is supple.

   Synonym: (transmitted by old lexicographers) رُعْلُول‎ (ruʕlūl)

• Freytag, Georg (1835), “طرخون”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 47
• Langkavel, Bernhard (1866) Botanik der späteren Griechen vom dritten bis dreizehnten Jahrhunderte (in German), Berlin: F. Berggold, page 73

Borrowed from Arabic طَرْخُون‎ (ṭarḵūn), itself from Ancient Greek δρακόντιον (drakóntion).

• (standard) IPA^(key): [tɑrˈhun]
• (vulgarly also) IPA^(key): [tɑrˈhon]

طرخون • (tarhun, tarhon)

1. tarragon, estragon (Artemisia dracunculus)

   Synonyms: استراغون‎ (estragon), رعلول‎ (ruʿlul)

2. costmary, alecost (Tanacetum balsamita)

• طرخونجی‎ (tarhuncu, “seller or eater of tarragon”)

• Turkish: tarhun
• → Aromanian: tãrhúne
• → Bulgarian: тарху́н (tarhún) (regional)
• → Macedonian: тархун (tarhun) (regional)
• → Romanian: tarhón
• → Serbo-Croatian: tarhun (isolated in Bosnia)

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “tarhun”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4609
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “طرخون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 803
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Dracunculus hortensis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 432
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “طرخون”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 3097
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “tarhun”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “طرخون”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1236