قرنفل

Arabic

Alternative forms

قَرَنْفُول‎ (qaranfūl)

Etymology

Imported from India. Compare Tamil கராம்பு (karāmpu), கிராம்பு (kirāmpu), Malayalam കറയാന്പൂ (kaṟayānpū), കരയാമ്പൂ (karayāmpū), ഗ്രാമ്പൂ (grāmpū), Sinhalese කරාබු (karābu), Tagalog klabong, klabos, kalabumpako, all meaning cloves. From the same source Ancient Greek καρυόφυλλον (karuóphullon), Amharic ቅርንፉድ (ḳərnəfud).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /qa.ran.ful/, /qu.ran.ful/
Rhymes: -ul

Noun

قَرَنْفُل or قُرَنْفُل • (qaranful or quranful) m

clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
- 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, “Poem #201”, in The Works of 'Abū al-Ṭayyib al-Mutanabbī, volume 3, Dār Al-Ma‘rifah, published 1978, pages 201–202:
  ‏وَمَنْزِلٍ لَيْسَ لَنَا بِمَنْزِلِ / وَلَا لِغَيْرِ الْغَادِيَاتِ الْهُطَّلِ
  نَدِيِّ الْخُزَامَى ذَفِرِ الْقَرَنْفُلِ / مُحَلَّلٍ مِلْوَحْشِ لَمْ يُحَلَّلِ‎
  wamanzilin laysa lanā bimanzili / walā liḡayri l-ḡādiyāti l-huṭṭali
  nadiyyi l-ḵuzāmā ḏafiri al-qaranfuli / muḥallalin milwaḥši lam yuḥallali
  A place, which has never been a stop for us
  Nor anyone but the show'ring daybreak-clouds,
  With dewy lavenders, and fragrant cloves,
  Settled by the wildlife, and no one else.
pink, carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

Declension

Declension of noun قَرَنْفُل (qaranful)‎; قُرَنْفُل (quranful)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَرَنْفُل‎; قُرَنْفُل qaranful‎; quranful	الْقَرَنْفُل‎‎; الْقُرَنْفُل‎ al-qaranful‎; al-quranful	قَرَنْفُل‎; قُرَنْفُل qaranful‎; quranful
Nominative	قَرَنْفُلٌ‎; قُرَنْفُلٌ qaranfulun‎; quranfulun	الْقَرَنْفُلُ‎‎; الْقُرَنْفُلُ‎ al-qaranfulu‎; al-quranfulu	قَرَنْفُلُ‎; قُرَنْفُلُ qaranfulu‎; quranfulu
Accusative	قَرَنْفُلًا‎‎; قُرَنْفُلًا‎ qaranfulan‎; quranfulan	الْقَرَنْفُلَ‎‎; الْقُرَنْفُلَ‎ al-qaranfula‎; al-quranfula	قَرَنْفُلَ‎; قُرَنْفُلَ qaranfula‎; quranfula
Genitive	قَرَنْفُلٍ‎; قُرَنْفُلٍ qaranfulin‎; quranfulin	الْقَرَنْفُلِ‎‎; الْقُرَنْفُلِ‎ al-qaranfuli‎; al-quranfuli	قَرَنْفُلِ‎; قُرَنْفُلِ qaranfuli‎; quranfuli

Descendants

Maltese: qronfol
→ Aramaic:
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קרונפול‎
- Classical Syriac: ܩܪܢܦܘܠܐ‎
→ Dhivehi: ކަރަންފޫ‎ (karan̊fū)
→ Israeli Hebrew: קרנפול‎
→ Persian: قرنفل‎ (qaranfol)
→ Ottoman Turkish: قرنفل‎ (karanfil)
- Turkish: karanfil
- → Adyghe: къэрмэфибл (qermefiibl)
- → Azerbaijani: qərənfil
- → Albanian: karafil
- → Bashkir: ҡәләмфер (qälämfer), ҡәнәфер (qänäfer)
- → Bulgarian: каранфи́л (karanfíl), карамфи́л (karamfíl), карафи́ль (karafílʹ), ка́рафил (kárafil)
- → Kazakh: қалампыр (qalampyr)
- Kurdish:
  → Northern Kurdish: qerefîl, qerenfîl
  → Central Kurdish: قەنەفِڵ‎ (qenefill)
- → Kyrgyz: калемпир (kalempir)
- → Macedonian: каранфил (karanfil), каранфилче (karanfilče)
- → Middle Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (łaranfil), ղարանֆուլ (łaranful)
  - Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (łaranfil), ղարաֆիլ (łarafil), խառանֆիլ (xaṙanfil), խարաֆիլ (xarafil), կանաֆիլ (kanafil)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: кара̀нфил, каранфѝлић
  Latin script: karànfil, karanfìlić
- → Uzbek: qalampir
→ Swahili: karafuu
→ Yoruba: kànáfùrù, kànnáfùrù
→ Hausa: kanumfari
- Nupe: kannáfùrù

References

Gernot Katzer’s Spice Pages: Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum)
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 144
Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 275–279
Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎ (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 355
КАРАМФЍЛ in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
“قرنفل” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Hijazi Arabic

قُرُنْفُل

Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل‎ (qaranful).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡurunful/, [ɡʊrʊɱfʊl]

Noun

قُرُنْفُل • (gurunful) m pl

carnation (flower)
clove (spice)

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل‎ (qaranful).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /qrun.ful/

Noun

قرنفل • (qrunful) m (collective)

carnation (flower)
clove (spice)
Synonym: عود النوار‎ (ʕūd en-nuwwār)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل‎ (qaranful).

Noun

قرنفل • (karanfil)

carnation (flower)
clove (spice)

Descendants

Turkish: karanfil
→ Adyghe: къэрмэфибл (qermefiibl)
→ Azerbaijani: qərənfil
→ Albanian: karafil
→ Bashkir: ҡәләмфер (qälämfer), ҡәнәфер (qänäfer)
→ Bulgarian: каранфи́л (karanfíl), карамфи́л (karamfíl), карафи́ль (karafílʹ), ка́рафил (kárafil)
→ Kazakh: қалампыр (qalampyr)
Kurdish:
→ Northern Kurdish: qerefîl, qerenfîl

→ Central Kurdish: قەنەفِڵ‎ (qenefill)
→ Kyrgyz: калемпир (kalempir)
→ Macedonian: каранфил (karanfil), каранфилче (karanfilče)
→ Middle Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (łaranfil), ղարանֆուլ (łaranful)
- Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (łaranfil), ղարաֆիլ (łarafil), խառանֆիլ (xaṙanfil), խարաֆիլ (xarafil), կանաֆիլ (kanafil)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: кара̀нфил, каранфѝлић

Latin script: karànfil, karanfìlić
→ Uzbek: qalampir

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل‎ (qaranful).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /qaɾanˈful/

(Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /qaɾanˈfʊl/

(Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ɢæɾænˈfol/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /qaɾanˈful/

Noun

قرنفل • (qaranfol)

carnation (flower)
clove (spice)

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