قنطرة

Multiple confounded etymologies:

• Via Classical Syriac ܩܶܢܛܪܳܘܢ‎ (qenṭrōn) from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron, “center”), from the idea of an arch vaulting a central point.
• From Classical Syriac ܩܛܰܪܬܴܐ‎ (qəṭartā, “binding, node, conjunction; specifically also bridge”) from the root ܩ-ܛ-ܪ‎ (q-ṭ-r) related to binding.
• From Latin cintrum, its plural cintra, a vulgar form of cinctūra (“girthing”) employed as such in Medieval Latin and the source of French cintre (“curve, round arch”) – which would ascribe to Arabic the first attestation of this Romance form, the 6^th-century poet Ṭarafa’s vers كقنطرة الروميّ أقسم رَبّها لتْكتَنَفَنَ حتى تشاد بِقَرْمَد.
• From Latin canthērius – Ancient Greek κανθήλιος (kanthḗlios) –, meaning a “gelding” and because of this a “beast of burden” and then “trellis; chevrons, spars, gantry” (Gebälk, Sparrwerk, Gerüst), compare for such development the etymologies of chevron, chevalet, gantry, easel.
• A genuine formation from the root ق ط ر‎ (q-ṭ-r) from which قَطَرَ‎ (qaṭara, “to put (camels) into a file”), قِطَار‎ (qiṭār, “train”), the ن‎ (n) being not a rare augment.

• IPA^(key): /qan.tˤa.ra/

قَنْطَرَة • (qanṭara) f (plural قَنَاطِر‎ (qanāṭir))

1. arch, vault
2. bridge
   1. viaduct
   2. aqueduct
   3. barrage, dam

• قَنْطَرَ‎ (qanṭara, “to vault, to arch over”)

• Moroccan Arabic: قنطرة‎ (qanṭra)
• → Catalan: Alcàntara
• → Georgian: ქანდარა (kandara)
• → Italian: Alcantara
• → Sicilian: Càntara
• → Spanish: alcántara

• Behnstedt, Peter; Woidich, Manfred (2012) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band II: Materielle Kultur (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100/II) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 24
• Corriente, Federico (2008), “قنطرة”, in Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords. Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 97), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 444–445
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne; Goeje, Michael Jan (1866) Description de l'Afrique et de l'Espagne par Edrîsî‎ (in French), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 369–370
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “قنطرة”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 412–413
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 285
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1905–1906), “R. Geyer's »Zwei Gedichte von Al-ʾAʿšâ«”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎ (in German), volume 19, pages 270–271
• Michael Jan de Goeje, editor (1879) Indices, glossarium et addenda et emendanda ad part. I–III (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 7)‎ (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1879, page 334
• Lane, Edward William (1863), “قنطرة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2568
• Le Strange, Guy (1905) The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur (in English), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 57
• الأعشى [al-ʾaʿšā] (a. 625), Geyer, Rudolf, editor, Zwei Gedichte von Al-ʾAʿšâ (Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Philosophisch-historische Klasse; 149/6)‎ (in German), volume Mâ Bukâʾu, Wien: In Kommission bei Carl Gerold’s Sohn, published 1905, pages 114 and 117–119
• Streck, Maximilian (1978), “Ḳanṭara”, in Encyclopaedia of Islam. Second Edition, volume 4, Leiden: Brill, pages 555–556
• Vollers, Karl (1897), “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 51, pages 316
• Vollers, Karl (1893), “Vier Lehnwörter im Arabischen”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎ (in German), volume 8, pages 100–101
• Yāqūt al-Ḥamawīy (a. 1229), Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, editor, كتاب معجم البلدان [kitāb muʿjam al-buldān]‎ (in Arabic), volume 4, Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, published 1869, page 187

From Arabic قَنْطَرَة‎ (qanṭara).

• IPA^(key): /qan.tˤra/

قنطرة • (qanṭra) f (plural قناطر‎ (qnāṭar) or قنطرات‎ (qanṭrāt))

1. bridge