پښتون

Pashto

Etymology

Most likely derived from Old Iranian *Parswāna-, with the basic stem *Parsū-[1]; closely related to *Parθaʰ (“Parthian”) and Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsaʰ/, “Persian”)[2], both from the earlier *Parsūa-, probably meaning "border or borderland"[3] (in contrast to Media, meaning "central land"); cf. Sanskrit (Pāṇini) Parśu- “a (northwestern) warrior tribe” and Late Babylonian 𒌓𒍪 (par-sú, “Persian”).

Other theories connect the name to the Northern Indian words for "mound, embankment;" compare Urdu پشتہ‎ (“embankment, mound of stone or earth”), Persian [script needed] (pushta, “mountain”), and Proto-Iranian *pr̥štáh (“back, spine”).[4]

Pronunciation
  • (Kandahar) IPA(key): /paʂ.t̪un/
  • (Southern Eastern) IPA(key): /paʃ.t̪un/
  • (Kabuli) IPA(key): /pax.t̪un/
  • (central) IPA(key): /paç.t̪un/
  • (Northeastern) IPA(key): /pʊx.t̪un/

Noun

پښتون • (paẍtun) m (plural پښتانه‎ (paẍtâna))

  1. Pashtun
    ‏دا پښتون دی‎
    He is a Pashtun.

Declension
declension of پښتون
singular plural
direct پښتون
(paẍtun)		 پښتانۀ‎
(paẍtânë)
oblique پښتانۀ‎
(paẍtânë)		 پښتنو‎
(paẍtëno)
vocative پښتونه‎
(paẍtuna)		 پښتنو‎
(paẍtëno)
  • masculine of پښتنه‎ (paẍtëna)
  • speaker of پښتو‎ (paẍto)
  • singular of پښتانۀ‎ (paẍtânë)

References
  1. G. Morgenstierne, “AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, 1982
  2. Kent, Roland G. (1950), “Parθava-”, in Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 196
  3. I. Gershevitch, W. Bayne Fisher, J. A. Boyle: The Medes And Their Neighbours, in The Cambridge History of Iran, p. 61-62, Vol. II, 1985; Cambridge University Press
  4. Rashid, H. (2002). History of the Pathans: The Sarabani Pathans. Pakistan: Haroon Rashid, p. 73
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