کم

See also: كم‎ and گم‎

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬‎ (km /kam/, “little, small”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

کم • (kam) (comparative کم‌تَر‎ (kam-tar), superlative کم‌تَرین‎ (kam-tarin))

Dari کم
Iranian Persian
Tajik кам (kam)
  1. few, little
    Antonyms: زیاد‎ (ziyâd), خیلی‎ (xeyli)
  2. scarce, rare, lacking
Usage notes

Unlike most comparatives and superlatives, کم‌تر‎ (kam-tar), and کم‌ترین‎ (kam-tarin) are frequently written joined, as کمتر‎ (kamtar) and کمترین‎ (kamtarin)

Derived terms

(compound verbs)

  • کم کردن‎ (kam kardan, “to reduce, to lessen”)
  • کم شدن‎ (kam šodan, “to be diminished, to be reduced”)
  • کم آمدن‎ (kam âmadan, “to run short, to become lacking”)
  • کم گرفتن‎ (kam gereftan, “to slight, to look down on”)
  • کم دادن‎ (kam dâdan, “to shortchange”)

(others)

Descendants
  • → Assamese: কম (kom)
  • → Azerbaijani: kəm
  • → Bashkir: кәм (käm, “insufficient, scarce; inferior”)
  • → Hindustani:
    Hindi: कम (kam), कम- (kam-)
    Urdu: کم‎ (kam)
    • → Phalura: kam
  • → Kazakh: кем (kem)
  • → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਕਮ (kam)
    Shahmukhi script: کم‎ (kam)
  • → Tatar: ким (kim)
  • → Uzbek: kam
  • → Yagnobi: кам (kam)

Etymology 2

Compare Persian شکم‎ (šekam, “belly”).

Noun

کم • (kom)

  1. (dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) belly; abdomen; tummy; stomach

Pronoun

کم • (kam)

  1. (dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh) which

Punjabi

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma), from Sanskrit कर्म (karma).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kəmːᵊ/

Noun

کَمّ • (kamm) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੰਮ)

  1. work, job, task

Further reading
  • “کم‎”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2023

Southwestern Fars

Noun

کم (kom)

  1. (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) belly
  2. (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) abdomen
  3. (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) tummy
  4. (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) stomach

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian کم‎ (kam, “little, few”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

کم • (transliteration needed) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling कम)

  1. less (in lower degree; to smaller extent)
  2. little (not much)
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