गोधूम

Hindi

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गोधूम (godhū́ma). Doublet of गेहूँ (gehū̃), a tadbhava.

गोधूम • (godhūm) m (rare, formal)

Declension of गोधूम (masc cons-stem)

Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “गोधूम”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
Platts, John T. (1884), “गोधूम”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰúHmas ~ *gantúHmas, possibly ultimately from a Middle Eastern wanderwort (compare Proto-Semitic *ḥnṭ). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬀‎ (gaṇtuma), 𐬔𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬀‎ (gantuma), Middle Persian gnwm (gannum).

Later reanalyzed as a native formation, गो (go, “earth”) +‎ धूम (dhūma, “smoke”).

गोधूम • (godhū́ma) m

wheat
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.7.4:
  व्री॒हय॑श्च मे॒ यवाश्च मे॒ माषाश्च मे॒ तिलाश्च मे मु॒द्गाश्च॑ मे ख॒ल्वाश्च मे गो॒धूमाश्च मे म॒सुराश्च मे प्रि॒यङ्ग॑वश्च॒ मेऽण॑वश्च मे श्या॒माकाश्च मे नी॒वाराश्च मे ॥
  vrīhayaśca me yavāśca me māṣāśca me tilāśca me mudgāśca me khalvāśca me godhūmāśca me masurāśca me priyaṅgavaśca meʼṇavaśca me śyāmākāśca me nīvārāśca me .
  And to me may rice, barley, beans, sesame, kidney beans, vetches, wheat, lentils, Millet, Panicum miliaceum, Panicum frumentaceum, and wild rice [be granted].
the orange tree
name of a medicinal plant

Masculine a-stem declension of गोधूम (godhū́ma)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गोधूमः godhū́maḥ	गोधूमौ godhū́mau	गोधूमाः / गोधूमासः¹ godhū́māḥ / godhū́māsaḥ¹
Vocative	गोधूम gódhūma	गोधूमौ gódhūmau	गोधूमाः / गोधूमासः¹ gódhūmāḥ / gódhūmāsaḥ¹
Accusative	गोधूमम् godhū́mam	गोधूमौ godhū́mau	गोधूमान् godhū́mān
Instrumental	गोधूमेन godhū́mena	गोधूमाभ्याम् godhū́mābhyām	गोधूमैः / गोधूमेभिः¹ godhū́maiḥ / godhū́mebhiḥ¹
Dative	गोधूमाय godhū́māya	गोधूमाभ्याम् godhū́mābhyām	गोधूमेभ्यः godhū́mebhyaḥ
Ablative	गोधूमात् godhū́māt	गोधूमाभ्याम् godhū́mābhyām	गोधूमेभ्यः godhū́mebhyaḥ
Genitive	गोधूमस्य godhū́masya	गोधूमयोः godhū́mayoḥ	गोधूमानाम् godhū́mānām
Locative	गोधूमे godhū́me	गोधूमयोः godhū́mayoḥ	गोधूमेषु godhū́meṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Dardic:
- Kalasha: gúum
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: ঘেঁহু (ghẽhu), গম (gom), গোম (güm)
- Bengali: গম (gom)
  - → Burmese: ဂျုံ (gyum)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀳𑀽𑀫 (gohūma)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀳𑀽𑀫 (gohūma)
- Gurjar Apabhramsa:
  - Gujarati: ઘઉં (ghaũ)
- Romani: giv
- Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
  - Hindustani:
    Hindi: गेहूँ (gehū̃)
    
    Urdu: گیہوں‎ (gehū̃)
→ Kannada: ಗೋಧಿ (gōdhi)
→ Malayalam: ഗോതമ്പ് (gōtampŭ)
→ Tamil: கோதுமை (kōtumai)
→ Telugu: గోధుమ (gōdhuma)
→ Hindi: गोधूम (godhūm) (learned)

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “godhū́ma”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Monier Williams (1899), “गोधूम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 365, column 1.

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