मुख

Garhwali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मुख (mukha).

Noun

मुख (mukh) m

mouth
face

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मुख (mukha). Doublet of मुँह (mũh), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /mʊkʰ/

Noun

मुख • (mukh) m (Urdu spelling مکھ‎)

(anatomy) mouth
(anatomy) face

Declension

Declension of मुख (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मुख mukh	मुख mukh
oblique	मुख mukh	मुखों mukhõ
vocative	मुख mukh	मुखो mukho

Synonyms

(mouth): मुँह (mũh)
(face): चेहरा (cehrā)

Derived terms

मुखाभिगम (mukhābhigam)
मुखमैथुन (mukhmaithun)

Marathi

Etymology

From Old Marathi 𑘦𑘳𑘏 (mukha), from Sanskrit मुख (múkha, “mouth, face, visage”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mukʰ/, [muːkʰ]

Noun

मुख • (mukh) n

(anatomy) mouth
(anatomy) face

Declension

Declension of मुख (mukh)
direct singular	मुख mukh
direct plural	मुखे, मुखं mukhe, mukha
	singular	plural
nominative	मुख mukh	मुखे, मुखं mukhe, mukha
oblique	मुखा- mukhā-	मुखां- mukhāN-
dative	मुखाला mukhālā	मुखांना mukhāNnā
ergative	मुखाने mukhāne	मुखांनी mukhāNni
instrumental	मुखाशी mukhāśi	मुखांशी mukhāNśi
locative	मुखात mukhāt	मुखांत mukhāNt
vocative	मुखा mukhā	मुखांनो mukhāNno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Dative Note: -स (-sa) is archaic. -ते (-te) is limited to literary usage. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of मुख
	masculine object		feminine object		neuter object		oblique
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular^*	plural
singular subject	मुखाचा mukhāċā	मुखाचे mukhāce	मुखाची mukhāci	मुखाच्या mukhāca	मुखाचे, मुखाचं mukhāce, mukhāċa	मुखाची mukhāci	मुखाच्या mukhāca
plural subject	मुखांचा mukhāNċā	मुखांचे mukhāNce	मुखांची mukhāNci	मुखांच्या mukhāNca	मुखांचे, मुखांचं mukhāNce, mukhāNċa	मुखांची mukhāNci	मुखांच्या mukhāNca
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

Berntsen, Maxine, “मुख”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “मुख”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “मुख”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Nepali

Etymology

From Sanskrit मुख (mukha).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [muk̞ʰ]

Phonetic Devanagari: मुख्

Noun

मुख • (mukh)

(anatomy) mouth
mouth (opening, outlet, source)
beak
(anatomy) face

Old Marathi

Noun

मुख (mukha) n

Devanagari form of 𑘦𑘳𑘏 (mukha)

Pali

Alternative forms

mukha (Latin script)
𑀫𑀼𑀔 (Brahmi script)
মুখ (Bengali script)
මුඛ (Sinhalese script)
မုခ or မုၶ (Burmese script)
มุข or มุขะ (Thai script)
ᨾᩩᨡ (Tai Tham script)
ມຸຂ or ມຸຂະ (Lao script)
មុខ (Khmer script)
𑄟𑄪𑄈 (Chakma script)

Noun

मुख n

Devanagari script form of mukha

Declension

Declension table of "मुख" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	मुखं (mukhaṃ)	मुखानि (mukhāni)
Accusative (second)	मुखं (mukhaṃ)	मुखानि (mukhāni)
Instrumental (third)	मुखेन (mukhena)	मुखेहि (mukhehi) or मुखेभि (mukhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	मुखस्स (mukhassa) or मुखाय (mukhāya) or मुखत्थं (mukhatthaṃ)	मुखानं (mukhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	मुखस्मा (mukhasmā) or मुखम्हा (mukhamhā) or मुखा (mukhā)	मुखेहि (mukhehi) or मुखेभि (mukhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	मुखस्स (mukhassa)	मुखानं (mukhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	मुखस्मिं (mukhasmiṃ) or मुखम्हि (mukhamhi) or मुखे (mukhe)	मुखेसु (mukhesu)
Vocative (calling)	मुख (mukha)	मुखानि (mukhāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ᬫᬸᬔ (Balinese script)
মুখ (Assamese script)
মুখ (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰲𑰏 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀼𑀔 (Brahmi script)
𑌮𑍁𑌖 (Grantha script)
મુખ (Gujarati script)
ਮੁਖ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦩꦸꦑ (Javanese script)
មុខ (Khmer script)
ಮುಖ (Kannada script)
ມຸຂ (Lao script)
മുഖ (Malayalam script)
𑘦𑘳𑘏 (Modi script)
ᠮᠤᠻᠠ (Mongolian script)
ᠮᡠᡘᠠ (Manchu script)
မုခ (Burmese script)
𑧆𑧔𑦯 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐸𑐏 (Newa script)
ମୁଖ (Oriya script)
ꢪꢸꢓ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆶𑆒 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖲𑖏 (Siddham script)
මුඛ (Sinhalese script)
ముఖ (Telugu script)
มุข (Thai script)
མུ་ཁ (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒳𑒐 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *múkʰam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *múkʰam, from earlier *múkHam. According to Pokorny, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian and not related to Proto-Indo-European *mū- (“lips, muzzle”) (Proto-Germanic *mūlō, English mutter, Latin muttiō).[1]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /mú.kʰɐ/

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmu.kʰɐ/

Noun

मुख • (múkha) n

(anatomy) mouth
(anatomy) face
visage
(neologism) font

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of मुख (múkha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मुखम् múkham	मुखे múkhe	मुखानि / मुखा¹ múkhāni / múkhā¹
Vocative	मुख múkha	मुखे múkhe	मुखानि / मुखा¹ múkhāni / múkhā¹
Accusative	मुखम् múkham	मुखे múkhe	मुखानि / मुखा¹ múkhāni / múkhā¹
Instrumental	मुखेन múkhena	मुखाभ्याम् múkhābhyām	मुखैः / मुखेभिः¹ múkhaiḥ / múkhebhiḥ¹
Dative	मुखाय múkhāya	मुखाभ्याम् múkhābhyām	मुखेभ्यः múkhebhyaḥ
Ablative	मुखात् múkhāt	मुखाभ्याम् múkhābhyām	मुखेभ्यः múkhebhyaḥ
Genitive	मुखस्य múkhasya	मुखयोः múkhayoḥ	मुखानाम् múkhānām
Locative	मुखे múkhe	मुखयोः múkhayoḥ	मुखेषु múkheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Khowar: موخ‎ (mux)
- Shina: مُک‎ (muk)
Assamese: মুহ (muh)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀳 (muha)
- Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘳𑘮 (muha)
Pali: mukha
- → Burmese: မုခ် (muhk)
  - → Shan: မုၵ်ႈ (mūk)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀳 (muha)
- Gujarati: મોં (mõ)
- Hindi: मुँह (mũh)
- Punjabi: ਮੂੰਹ (mū̃h) / مُون٘ہہ‎ (mūṉh)
- Romani: muj
→ Assamese: মুখ (mukh)
→ Bengali: মুখ (mukh)
→ Gujarati: મુખ (mukh)
→ Hindi: मुख (mukh)
→ Kannada: ಮುಖ (mukha)
→ Khmer: មុខ (muk)
→ Malay: muka
- Indonesian: muka
→ Malayalam: മുഖം (mukhaṃ)
→ Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘳𑘏 (mukha)
- Marathi: मुख (mukh)
→ Nepali: मुख (mukh)
→ Punjabi: ਮੁਖ (mukh)
→ Rajasthani: मुखड़ौ (mukhṛau)
→ Tagalog: mukhâ
→ Tamil: முகம் (mukam)
→ Telugu: ముఖము (mukhamu)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 751-52

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[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 751-52