გირინი
Laz
Mingrelian
Alternative forms
- გჷრჷნი (gərəni)
Etymology
Cognate with Laz გურუნი (guruni). The origin is unknown. An overview of opinions follows.
Etymological note
- According to Čikobava, from *გ-ვირ-ინ- (*g-vir-in-), where according to him, the root of the word is ultimately cognate with Georgian ვირი (viri).[1] Ǯavaxišvili further compares Svan ჰუ̂ილ (hûil, “mule”), მაუ̂რა̈ნდ (maûränd, “bull”), მაუ̂ირ (maûir), ლიუ̂რიელ (liûriel, “mate (of animals)”), ხუ̂ირ (xûir, “male (of animals)”).[2][3] Neither Čikobava's nor Ǯavaxišvili's comparisons are accepted by Klimov-Xalilov[4] or Kiria[5].
- Čuxua on the basis of Georgian ქვირანაჸი (kviranaʾi, “foal”), Mingrelian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”), გირინი (girini, “donkey, ass”), Laz გურუნი (guruni, “donkey, ass”), as well as Svan ჰუ̂ილ ← *გუ̂ილ (hûil ← *gûil, “mule”) (for development compare ჰუ̂იჯ ← *გუ̂იჯ ← *გუ̂ილ (hûiǯ ← *gûiǯ ← *gûil, “snake”), which according to some ultimately goes back to Proto-Kartvelian *gwel-), reconstructs Proto-Kartvelian *gwir- (“donkey, mule”), with further comparisons to Chechen говр (gowr), dialectal гавр (gavr), Ingush говр (gowr, “horse”) for which he reconstructs Proto-Nakh *gawr- (“horse”). Georgian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”) is however considered to be a "foreign"[6] word which see for its origins.[7]
References
- Čikobava, Arnold (1938) Č̣anur-megrul-kartuli šedarebiti leksiḳoni [Laz–Megrel–Georgian Comparative Dictionary] (Works; IV) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, published 2008, page 94
- Ǯavaxišvili, Ivane (1937) Kartveli eris isṭoriis šesavali. Ṭomi 2. Kartuli da ḳavḳasiuri enebis tavdaṗirveli buneba da natesaoba [Introduction to the history of the Georgian nation. Volume II. The original structure and relations of Caucasian and Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press, pages 178–179, 207–208
- Schmidt, Karl Horst (1962) Studien zur Rekonstruktion des Lautstandes der südkaukasischen Grundsprache (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes; XXXIV, 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Kommissionsverlag Franz Steiner GmbH, page 109
- Klimov, G. A.; Xalilov, M. Š. (2003) Словарь кавказских языков. Сопоставление основной лексики [Dictionary of Caucasian Languages. A comparison of the Basic Vocabulary] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, →ISBN, page 239-240
- Kiria, Č̣abuḳi; Ezugbaia, Lali; Memišiši, Omar; Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 784
- Ḳarṭozia, Guram; Gersamia, Rusudan; Lomia, Maia; Cxadaia, Taia (2010), Manana Ṗerṭenava, Sopio Šamugua, Irma Xaramišvili, Maḳa Comaia, editors, Megrulis lingvisṭuri analizi [Linguistic analysis of Mingrelian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Meridiani, →ISBN, page 554
- Čuxua, Merab (2007), “*gwir-”, in Iberiul-ičkeriul enata šedarebiti gramaṭiḳa [Ibero-Ichkerian Comparative Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Press, page 534
- Fähnrich, Heinz (2007), “*kur-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 472, on the basis of Georgian ქურა (kura, “a kind of goat with small ears; hornless sheep”), Mingrelian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”), reconstructs Proto-Georgian-Zan *kur- (“foal, colt”). Both words however are Iranisms, see Georgian ქვირა (kvira) for more.
Further reading
- Kajaia, Otar (2005), “გირინი”, in Megrul-kartuli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian–Georgian Dictionary], online version prepared by Joost Gippert, Frankfurt am Main, published 2001–2004, page 268
- Кипшидзе, Иосиф (1914), “გირინი”, in Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Mingrelian (Iverian) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 7) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 218a
- Kiria, Č̣abuḳi; Ezugbaia, Lali; Memišiši, Omar; Čuxua, Merab (2015), “*გურინ-ი”, in Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 784
- Kobalia, Alio (2010), “გირინი”, in Merab Čuxua, Nona Kobalia, Nana Kobalia, editors, Megruli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian Dictionary] (Ḳolxuri seria; 7), online version prepared by Manana Buḳia, Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN
- Pipia, Daniel (2008), “გირინი”, in Tamaz Pipia, Givi Boǯgua, editors, Megruli saleksiḳono masalebi [Megrelian dictionary materials] (Ḳolxuri seria; 3), online version prepared by Manana Buḳia, Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN
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