ἱδρώς
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *hwidrṓts, from Proto-Indo-European *swidrṓts, from *sweyd- (“to sweat”) (whence also ἰδίω (idíō), ἶδος (îdos)). Cognate with Old Armenian քիրտն (kʿirtn), Latvian sviedri, Albanian djersë.
Pronunciation
- (Epic)
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hiː.drɔ̌ːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /(h)iˈdros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /iˈðros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /iˈðros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /iˈðros/
- (Lyric)
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hi.drɔ̌ːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /(h)iˈdros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /iˈðros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /iˈðros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /iˈðros/
Noun
ῑ̔δρώς or ῐ̔δρώς • (hīdrṓs or hidrṓs) m or f (genitive ῑ̔δρῶτος or ῐ̔δρῶτος); third declension
- sweat, perspiration
- gum, sap
- juice, moisture
- anything earned by the sweat of one's brow
Usage notes
Feminine in Aeolic.
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ ἱδρώς ho hidrṓs |
τὼ ἱδρῶτε tṑ hidrôte |
οἱ ἱδρῶτες hoi hidrôtes | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ἱδρῶτος toû hidrôtos |
τοῖν ἱδρώτοιν toîn hidrṓtoin |
τῶν ἱδρώτων tôn hidrṓtōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ἱδρῶτι / ἱδρῷ tôi hidrôti / hidrôi |
τοῖν ἱδρώτοιν toîn hidrṓtoin |
τοῖς ἱδρῶσῐ / ἱδρῶσῐν toîs hidrôsi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν ἱδρῶτᾰ tòn hidrôta |
τὼ ἱδρῶτε tṑ hidrôte |
τοὺς ἱδρῶτᾰς toùs hidrôtas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἱδρώς hidrṓs |
ἱδρῶτε hidrôte |
ἱδρῶτες hidrôtes | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Further reading
- “ἱδρώς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἱδρώς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἱδρώς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἱδρώς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἱδρώς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G2402 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- exudation idem, page 298.
- gum idem, page 379.
- perspiration idem, page 608.
- sweat idem, page 847.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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