こごえる
Japanese
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 凍える |
Pronunciation
Verb
こごえる • (kogoeru) intransitive ichidan (stem こごえ (kogoe), past こごえた (kogoeta))
- to freeze, to be cold
- 1977, 阿久悠 (Aku Yū) [Yū Aku] (lyrics), “津軽海峡・冬景色 (Tsugaru Kaikyō Fuyugeshiki) [Tsugaru Strait Winter Scenery]”, performed by 石川さゆり (Ishikawa Sayuri) [Sayuri Ishikawa]:
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Usage notes
凍える (kogoeru) is often used for body parts (of living organisms) to freeze, while 凍る (kōru) is often used for objects (e.g. water freezes).
Conjugation
Conjugation of "こごえる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | こごえ | kogoe | ||
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | こごえ | kogoe | ||
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | こごえる | kogoeru | ||
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | こごえる | kogoeru | ||
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | こごえれ | kogoere | ||
| Meireikei ("imperative") | こごえよ¹ こごえろ² |
kogoeyo¹ kogoero² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | こごえられる | kogoerareru | ||
| Causative | こごえさせる こごえさす |
kogoesaseru kogoesasu | ||
| Potential | こごえられる こごえれる³ |
kogoerareru kogoereru³ | ||
| Volitional | こごえよう | kogoeyō | ||
| Negative | こごえない こごえぬ こごえん |
kogoenai kogoenu kogoen | ||
| Negative continuative | こごえず | kogoezu | ||
| Formal | こごえます | kogoemasu | ||
| Perfective | こごえた | kogoeta | ||
| Conjunctive | こごえて | kogoete | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | こごえれば | kogoereba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
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