中古

Chinese

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 中 古
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 知 (9) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 東 (2) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 陟弓切 公戸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈɨuŋ/ /kuoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈiuŋ/ /kuoX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶiuŋ/ /koX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈuwŋ/ /kɔX/
Li
Rong		 /ȶiuŋ/ /koX/
Wang
Li		 /ȶĭuŋ/ /kuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶi̯uŋ/ /kuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhōng gǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zung1 gu2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 中 古
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhōng gǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ trjuwng › ‹ kuX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*truŋ/ /*kˁaʔ/
English center ancient

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 中 古
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 17407 4219
Phonetic
component		 中 古
Rime
group		 終 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 中 古
Old
Chinese		 /*tuŋ/ /*kaːʔ/

Etymology 1
middle old
simp. and trad.
(中古)		 中 古

Adjective

中古

  1. middle(-aged) (as in Middle English, Middle Chinese, etc.)
Descendants
  • → Mongolian: дундад эртний (dundad ertnii) (calque)

Noun

中古

  1. middle antiquity (from 3rd to 9th century)
Derived terms

Proper noun

中古

  1. the Middle Ages

Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)古(こ) (chūko, “secondhand”).

Adjective

中古

  1. (Taiwan) used; second hand
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 3
Chinese; China; Sino- Cuba; Cuban
simp. and trad.
(中古)		 中 古

Adjective

中古

  1. Sino-Cuban

Proper noun

中古

  1. China and Cuba

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
中 古
ちゅう
Grade: 1		 こ
Grade: 2
on’yomi kan’on

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ちゅうこ [chùúkó] (Heiban – [0])[1][2] secondhand
  • (Tokyo) ちゅ​うこ [chúꜜùkò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2] medieval times; Early Middle Japanese
  • IPA(key): [t͡ɕɨᵝːko̞]

Noun

中(ちゅう)古(こ) • (chūko) ←ちゆうこ (tyūko)?

  1. a secondhand or used item
    Synonyms: セコハン (sekohan), セコンドハンド (sekondo-hando), セカンドハンド (sekando-hando)
  2. medieval times (in Japanese history, including the Heian period)
    Coordinate terms: 上古 (jōko), 近古 (kinko)
  3. Short for 中古日本語 (Chūko Nihongo): Heian period Japanese; Early Middle Japanese
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
中 古
ちゅう
Grade: 1		 ふる > ぶる
Grade: 2
jūbakoyomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ちゅうぶる [chùúbúrú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [t͡ɕɨᵝːbɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

中(ちゅう)古(ぶる) • (chūburu) 

  1. (slang) a secondhand or used item

References
  1. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
中古

Noun

中古 • (junggo) (hangeul 중고)

  1. Hanja form? of 중고 (“secondhand”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
中古

Adjective

中古

  1. chữ Hán form of trung cổ (“medieval”).
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