化成

Chinese

Etymology 1

		to change	to become
trad. (化成)		化	成
simp. ^#(化成)		化	成
anagram		成化

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huàchéng

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huàchéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huàchéng
  - Wade–Giles: hua⁴-chʻêng²
  - Yale: hwà-chéng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huahcherng
  - Palladius: хуачэн (xuačɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Verb

化成

to transform; to turn into

Etymology 2

		to civilize	to complete
trad. (化成)		化	成
simp. ^#(化成)		化	成
anagram		成化

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huàchéng

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huàchéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huàchéng
  - Wade–Giles: hua⁴-chʻêng²
  - Yale: hwà-chéng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huahcherng
  - Palladius: хуачэн (xuačɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /hˠua^H d͡ʑiᴇŋ/

Rime
Character	化	成
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	麻 (99)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	呼霸切	是征切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠua^H/	/d͡ʑiᴇŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷᵚa^H/	/d͡ʑiɛŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xua^H/	/d͡ʑiæŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwaɨ^H/	/d͡ʑiajŋ/
Li Rong	/xua^H/	/ʑiɛŋ/
Wang Li	/xwa^H/	/ʑĭɛŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xwa^H/	/ʑi̯ɛŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huà	chéng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faa³	sing⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˤ<r>aj-s m-[d]eŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*hŋʷraːls djeŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	化	成
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huà	chéng
Middle Chinese	‹ xwæ^H ›	‹ dzyeng ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷʰˁ<r>aj-s/	/*m-[d]eŋ/
English	transform	to complete (tr. v)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	化	成
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5327	1417
Phonetic component	化	成
Rime group	歌	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	化	成
Old Chinese	/*hŋʷraːls/	/*djeŋ/
Notes		說文丁聲，甲文戌下一豎，或表戈已製成

Verb

化成

(Classical Chinese) to civilize successfully
- 聖人久於其道，而天下化成。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  圣人久于其道，而天下化成。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE
  Shèngrén jiǔ yú qí dào, ér tiānxià huàchéng. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
化	成
か Grade: 3	せい Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology

From 化 (ka, “change into”) + 成 (sei, “form”).

Noun

化(か)成(せい) • (kasei)

chemical synthesis, transformation

Derived terms

化成工業 (kasei kōgyō): chemical industry
化成肥料 (kasei hiryō): chemical fertilizer

Verb

化(か)成(せい)する • (kasei suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 化(か)成(せい)し (kasei shi), past 化(か)成(せい)した (kasei shita))

chemically transform

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