呪詛
Chinese
| For pronunciation and definitions of 呪詛 – see 咒詛 (“to curse; to swear at”). (This term, 呪詛, is a variant form of 咒詛.) |
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 呪 | 詛 |
| じゅ Grade: S |
そ Hyōgaiji |
| on’yomi | |
/ɕuso/ → /d͡ʑuso/
From Middle Chinese compound 呪詛／呪诅 (tsyuwH? tsuX?, literally “curse + curse, pledge”). Compare modern Mandarin 咒詛／咒诅 (zhòuzǔ).
The reading of the first character shifted from the regular goon reading of shu to the kan'yōon reading of ju.[1]
Alternative forms
- 呪咀, 咒詛
Synonyms
- 呪い (noroi)
Verb
呪詛する • (juso suru) transitive suru (stem 呪詛し (juso shi), past 呪詛した (juso shita))
- to curse someone or something
Conjugation
Conjugation of "呪詛する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 呪詛し | じゅそし | juso shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 呪詛し | じゅそし | juso shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 呪詛する | じゅそする | juso suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 呪詛する | じゅそする | juso suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 呪詛すれ | じゅそすれ | juso sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 呪詛せよ¹ 呪詛しろ² |
じゅそせよ¹ じゅそしろ² |
juso seyo¹ juso shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 呪詛される | じゅそされる | juso sareru | |
| Causative | 呪詛させる 呪詛さす |
じゅそさせる じゅそさす |
juso saseru juso sasu | |
| Potential | 呪詛できる | じゅそできる | juso dekiru | |
| Volitional | 呪詛しよう | じゅそしよう | juso shiyō | |
| Negative | 呪詛しない | じゅそしない | juso shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 呪詛せず | じゅそせず | juso sezu | |
| Formal | 呪詛します | じゅそします | juso shimasu | |
| Perfective | 呪詛した | じゅそした | juso shita | |
| Conjunctive | 呪詛して | じゅそして | juso shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 呪詛すれば | じゅそすれば | juso sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 呪 | 詛 |
| Grade: S | Hyōgaiji |
| irregular | |
The 直音表記 (chokuon hyōki, literally “straight-sound spelling”) of juso above. Most common from the Heian through the Muromachi periods.[1]
It is unclear if the pronunciation itself also shifted, or just the spelling.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [d͡zɨᵝso̞]
Synonyms
- 呪い (noroi)
Verb
呪詛する • (zuso suru) transitive suru (stem 呪詛し (zuso shi), past 呪詛した (zuso shita))
- (obsolete) to curse someone or something
Conjugation
Conjugation of "呪詛する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 呪詛し | ずそし | zuso shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 呪詛し | ずそし | zuso shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 呪詛する | ずそする | zuso suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 呪詛する | ずそする | zuso suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 呪詛すれ | ずそすれ | zuso sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 呪詛せよ¹ 呪詛しろ² |
ずそせよ¹ ずそしろ² |
zuso seyo¹ zuso shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 呪詛される | ずそされる | zuso sareru | |
| Causative | 呪詛させる 呪詛さす |
ずそさせる ずそさす |
zuso saseru zuso sasu | |
| Potential | 呪詛できる | ずそできる | zuso dekiru | |
| Volitional | 呪詛しよう | ずそしよう | zuso shiyō | |
| Negative | 呪詛しない | ずそしない | zuso shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 呪詛せず | ずそせず | zuso sezu | |
| Formal | 呪詛します | ずそします | zuso shimasu | |
| Perfective | 呪詛した | ずそした | zuso shita | |
| Conjunctive | 呪詛して | ずそして | zuso shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 呪詛すれば | ずそすれば | zuso sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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