因果

Chinese

		cause; reason; because	fruit; result
simp. and trad. (因果)		因	果

Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit हेतु (hetu, “impulse, cause”) and फल (phala, “fruit, result”) arising from translation of Buddhist texts. (Dassanayake (2021), pg. 124)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yīnguǒ

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄣㄍㄨㄛˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jan¹ gwo²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yîn-kó
Min Nan (POJ): in-kó / in-kó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yīnguǒ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄣㄍㄨㄛˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yinguǒ
  - Wade–Giles: yin¹-kuo³
  - Yale: yīn-gwǒ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: inguoo
  - Palladius: иньго (inʹgo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁵⁵ kwɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jan¹ gwo²
  - Yale: yān gwó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan¹ gwo²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen¹ guo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-kó
  - Hakka Romanization System: in´ go`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹ go³
  - Sinological IPA: /in²⁴ ko³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-kó
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)in´ go`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹ go³
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴ ko³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-kó
  - Tâi-lô: in-kó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: inkoir
  - IPA (Taipei): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /in⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-kó͘
  - Tâi-lô: in-kóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: inkor
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /in³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

Noun

因果

cause and effect
(Buddhism) karma; fate

Derived terms

三世因果
因果律 (yīnguǒlǜ)

因果報應／因果报应 (yīnguǒ bàoyìng)
因果關係／因果关系 (yīnguǒ guānxì)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
因	果
いん Grade: 5	か > が Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) いんが [íꜜǹgà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [ĩŋɡa̠]

Adjective

因(いん)果(が) • (inga) ^{←いんぐわ (ingwa)^?} -na (adnominal 因(いん)果(が)な (inga na), adverbial 因(いん)果(が)に (inga ni))

fateful, unlucky

Noun

因(いん)果(が) • (inga) ^{←いんぐわ (ingwa)^?}

cause and effect; karma; fate

Derived terms

Derived terms

因(いん)果(が)応(おう)報(ほう) (inga ōhō): retributive justice; retribution
因(いん)果(が)関(かん)係(けい) (inga kankei)
因(いん)果(が)経(きょう) (ingakyō)
因(いん)果(が)経(きょう)絵(え)巻(まき) (ingakyōemaki)
因(いん)果(が)晒(ざら)し (ingazarashi)
因(いん)果(が)性(せい) (ingasei)
因(いん)果(がて)覿(き)面(めん) (ingate kimen)
因(いん)果(が)と (inga to)
因(いん)果(が)人(にん) (inganin)
因(いん)果(が)の小(お)車(ぐるま) (inga no oguruma)
因(いん)果(が)は皿(さら)の縁(ふち) (inga wa sara no fuchi)
因(いん)果(が)法(ほう)則(そく) (inga hōsoku)
因(いん)果(が)者(もの) (ingamono)
因(いん)果(が)物(もの)語(がたり) (inga monogatari)
因(いん)果(が)律(りつ) (ingaritsu)
因(いん)果(が)を含(ふく)める (inga o fukumeru)
絵(え)因(いん)果(が)経(きょう) (eingakyō)
親(おや)の因(いん)果(が)が子(こ)に報(むく)う (oya no inga ga ko ni mukū)
過(か)去(こ)現(げん)在(ざい)因(いん)果(が)経(きょう) (kakogenzaiingakyō)
過(か)去(こ)現(げん)在(ざい)因(いん)果(が)経(きょう)絵(え)巻(まき) (kakogenzaiingakyōemaki)
三(さん)世(ぜ)因(いん)果(が) (sanzeinga)
惚(ほ)れたが因(いん)果(が) (horeta ga inga)
回(めぐ)る因(いん)果(が) (meguru inga)

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
因	果

Noun

因果

chữ Hán form of nhân quả (“karma, causality”).

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