固然

Chinese

		hard; strong; solid hard; strong; solid; sure	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (固然)		固	然
simp. ^#(固然)		固	然

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gùrán

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ ㄖㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu³ jin⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kò͘-liân / kò͘-jiân

(Teochew, Peng'im): gu³ riêng⁵ / gu³ riang⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): ²ku-zoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gùrán
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gùrán
  - Wade–Giles: ku⁴-jan²
  - Yale: gù-rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guhran
  - Palladius: гужань (gužanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu³ jin⁴
  - Yale: gu yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu³ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu³ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³³ jiːn²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-liân
  - Tâi-lô: kòo-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: korlieen
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-jiân
  - Tâi-lô: kòo-jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: korjieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ʑiɛn²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ʑiɛn¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gu³ riêng⁵ / gu³ riang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kù jiêng / kù jiâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/, /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

gu3 riêng5 - Chaozhou;
gu3 riang5 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ²ku-zoe
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kv̩ʷ³³ z̥ø⁴⁴/

Adverb

固然

admittedly; undoubtedly

Synonyms

當然／当然 (dāngrán)
自然 (zìrán)
(Cantonese) 梗係／梗系
(Cantonese) 實／实 (shí)
(Min Nan) 在勢／在势

Conjunction

固然

it is true that; there is no doubt that

Related terms

雖然／虽然 (suīrán)

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