国民学校

Japanese
Kanji in this term
国 民 学 校
こく
Grade: 2		 みん
Grade: 4		 がく > がっ
Grade: 1		 こう
Grade: 1
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
國民學校 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

Compound of 国(こく)民(みん) (kokumin, “nationals, citizens”) + 学(がっ)校(こう) (gakkō, “school”). Calque of German Volksschule (“primary school”, literally “people-school”).

Noun

国(こく)民(みん)学(がっ)校(こう) • (kokumin gakkō) 

  1. (historical) elementary school, national elementary school
    • 2018 December 8 (last accessed) “Kokumin gakko”, in Kodomo-tachi no mita sensō [The war children saw]‎, Hiroshima Virtual Museum, archived from the original on 11 November 2017:
      国(こく)民(みん)学(がっ)校(こう)は国(こく)民(みん)の基(き)礎(そ)的(てき)錬(れん)成(せい)をなす学(がっ)校(こう)とされ、心(しん)身(しん)を鍛(きた)え、国(くに)のため天(てん)皇(のう)のために身(み)を捧(ささ)げることが求(もと)められました。
      Kokumin gakkō wa kokumin no kisoteki rensei o nasu gakkō tosare, shinshin o kitae, kuni no tame tennō no tame ni mi o sasageru koto ga motomeraremashita.
      Kokumin gakko was considered as a school to provide basic training for all citizens, to discipline mind and body, to seek to sacrifice one's body for the country and for the Emperor.

Usage notes

The term was used officially from 1941 to 1947, later replaced by the term 小(しょう)学(がっ)校(こう) (shōgakkō, “primary school”).

Descendants
  • → Chinese: 國立學校／国立学校 (guólì xuéxiào)
  • → Indonesian: sekolah rakyat (calque)
  • → Malay: sekolah rendah, sekolah kebangsaan (calque)
  • → Korean: 국민학교 (gungminhakgyo)

See also

References
  • Gibney, Frank (ed.). 2014. Buritanika kokusai dai hyakka jiten. Tokyo: TBS Britannica.
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