多い

Japanese

Kanji in this term
おお
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *əpə. Cognate with 大きい (ōkii, big, large) and Proto-Ryukyuan *opo (whence Okinawan 多さん (ufusan)).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "多い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 多く おく [óꜜòkù]
Terminal (終止形) 多い おい [óꜜòì]
Attributive (連体形) 多い おい [óꜜòì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 多くない おくない [óꜜòkùnàì]
Informal past 多かった おかった [óꜜòkàttà]
Informal negative past 多くなかった おくなかった [óꜜòkùnàkàttà]
Formal 多いです おいです [óꜜòìdèsù]
Conjunctive 多くて おくて [óꜜòkùtè]
Conditional 多ければ おければ [óꜜòkèrèbà]

Adjective

(おお) (ōi) おほい (ofoi)? -i, adverbial (おお) (ōku)

  1. there are many, there is much, there are numerous
    ここは、(ひと)(おお)です。
    Koko wa, hito ga ōidesu.
    Here are many people.
    今年(ことし)は、(ゆき)(おお)です。
    Kotoshi wa, yuki ga ōidesu.
    It snows much this year.
    リンゴの(かず)は、ミカンより(おお)です。
    Ringo no kazu wa, mikan yori ōidesu.
    The number of apples is greater than the number of oranges.

Usage notes

  • 多い cannot modify a noun to mean the referents of the noun are many.
    • Incorrect:
      (おお)(ひと)ōi hitomany people
    • Correct:
      ()(ども)(おお)(ひと)kodomo ga ōi hitoa person with many children
      (ひと)(かず)(おお)hito no kazu ga ōithe number of people is many → there are many people
    • To modify a noun, use (おお) (ōku no), たくさん (takusan no), (かず)(おお) (kazuōi), etc.

Inflection

Synonyms

Antonyms

References

  1. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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