姑蘇

See also: 姑苏

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (姑蘇)		姑	蘇
simp. (姑苏)		姑	苏

Etymology

From the nearby Mount Gusu, likely loaned phonetically from an earlier Wu placename. Variously attested as 姑胥 (OC *kaː sŋa) in later writings that referred to the Kingdom of Wu era, possibly with Tai links (Zhengzhang, 1991).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Gūsū

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄙㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹ sou¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Gūsū
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄙㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Gusu
  - Wade–Giles: Ku¹-su¹
  - Yale: Gū-sū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gusu
  - Palladius: Гусу (Gusu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu¹ sou¹
  - Yale: gū sōu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹ sou¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu¹ sou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kuo suo/

Rime
Character	姑	蘇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古胡切	素姑切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo/	/suo/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo/	/suo/
Shao Rongfen	/ko/	/so/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ/	/sɔ/
Li Rong	/ko/	/so/
Wang Li	/ku/	/su/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuo/	/suo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gū	sū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu¹	sou¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤa s-ŋˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*kaː sŋaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	姑	蘇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gū	sū
Middle Chinese	‹ ku ›	‹ su ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁa/	/*s-ŋˁa/
English	father"s sister	revive
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	姑	蘇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4212	15937
Phonetic component	古	魚
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	孤	蘇
Old Chinese	/*kaː/	/*sŋaː/

Proper noun

姑蘇

(～城) (historical) The capital of the state of Wu during the Zhou dynasty; a former city located at the site of present-day Suzhou
(～區) Gusu, a district of modern Suzhou, established in 2012 and comprising the Old City and downtown
(～山) Mount Gusu, a mountain near Suzhou
(by metonymy, literary) modern Suzhou itself

Synonyms

(Suzhou City): 蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu)

Derived terms

姑蘇島／姑苏岛 (Gūsūdǎo)

蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu, “Suzhou”)

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
姑	蘇

Proper noun

姑蘇

chữ Hán form of Cô Tô.

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