存じる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 存 |
| ぞん Grade: 6 |
| goon |
Etymology
Shift from verb 存ず (zonzu).
Natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Pronunciation
Verb
存じる • (zonjiru) transitive ichidan (stem 存じ (zonji), past 存じた (zonjita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "存じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 存じ | ぞんじ | zonji | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 存じ | ぞんじ | zonji | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 存じる | ぞんじる | zonjiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 存じる | ぞんじる | zonjiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 存じれ | ぞんじれ | zonjire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 存じよ¹ 存じろ² |
ぞんじよ¹ ぞんじろ² |
zonjiyo¹ zonjiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 存じられる | ぞんじられる | zonjirareru | |
| Causative | 存じさせる 存じさす |
ぞんじさせる ぞんじさす |
zonjisaseru zonjisasu | |
| Potential | 存じられる 存じれる³ |
ぞんじられる ぞんじれる³ |
zonjirareru zonjireru³ | |
| Volitional | 存じよう | ぞんじよう | zonjiyō | |
| Negative | 存じない 存じぬ 存じん |
ぞんじない ぞんじぬ ぞんじん |
zonjinai zonjinu zonjin | |
| Negative continuative | 存じず | ぞんじず | zonjizu | |
| Formal | 存じます | ぞんじます | zonjimasu | |
| Perfective | 存じた | ぞんじた | zonjita | |
| Conjunctive | 存じて | ぞんじて | zonjite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 存じれば | ぞんじれば | zonjireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Classical conjugation of "存ず" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 存ぜ | ぞんぜ | zonze |
| Continuative (連用形) | 存じ | ぞんじ | zonzi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 存ず | ぞんず | zonzu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 存ずる | ぞんずる | zonzuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 存ずれ | ぞんずれ | zonzure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 存ぜよ | ぞんぜよ | zonzeyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 存ぜず | ぞんぜず | zonzezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 存ずれど | ぞんずれど | zonzuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 存ずれば | ぞんずれば | zonzureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 存ぜば | ぞんぜば | zonzeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 存じき | ぞんじき | zonziki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 存じけり | ぞんじけり | zonzikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 存じつ | ぞんじつ | zonzitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 存じぬ | ぞんじぬ | zonzinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 存ぜり 存じたり | ぞんぜり ぞんじたり | zonzeri zonzitari |
| Volitional | 存ぜむ | ぞんぜむ | zonzemu |
Related terms
- ありがとう存じます (arigatō zonjimasu)
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