小雀

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
小 雀
こ
Grade: 1		 がら
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi irregular

Attested from at least the 13th century. Origin is uncertain. One theory suggests shortening from an earlier 小雀目 (kogarame), meaning roughly “small birds that fly in a flock”. Others suggest shortening from 小山潜群, which in turn is from 小(こ) (ko-, “small”) plus 山潜群 (yamakugurimure), an obsolete form of 山雀(やまがら) (yamagara, “varied tit”).[1] Compare also エボシガラ (eboshigara, “tufted titmouse”), 四十雀(しじゅうから) (shijūkara, “Japanese tit”).

コガラ or willow tit, Poecile montanus

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) こがら [kògárá] (Heiban – [0])
  • (Tokyo) こ​がら [kóꜜgàrà] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA(key): [ko̞ɡa̠ɾa̠]

Noun

小(こ)雀(がら) • (kogara) 

  1. a willow tit


Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
小 雀
こ
Grade: 1		 すずめ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From 小 (ko, “small”) +‎ 雀 (suzume, “sparrow”).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) こす​ずめ [kòsúꜜzùmè] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • IPA(key): [ko̞sɨᵝzɨᵝme̞]

Noun

小(こ)雀(すずめ) • (kosuzume) 

  1. (literally) a small sparrow
  2. a baby sparrow
Alternative forms

Proper noun

小(こ)雀(すずめ) • (Kosuzume) 

  1. Kosuzume (a town in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan)

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
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