忍ぶ

Japanese
Kanji in this term
忍
しの
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

/sino2bu/ → /sinobu/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *sinənpu.

First attested as noun sino2bi in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, and as the verb in the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE.[1]

Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): [ɕino̞bɯ̟ᵝ]

    Verb

    忍(しの)ぶ • (shinobu) godan (stem 忍(しの)び (shinobi), past 忍(しの)んだ (shinonda))

    1. to conceal, to hide
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 6, poem 965)
        凡有者 左毛右毛将為乎 恐跡 振痛袖乎 忍而有香聞
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 11, poem 2478)
        秋柏 潤和川辺 細竹目 人不顏面 公無勝
    2. to suppress or hide one's feelings
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 2, poem 129)
        古之 嫗尓為而也 如此許 恋尓将沈 如手童児 一云 恋乎大尓忍金手武多和良波乃如
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 472)
        世間之 常如此耳跡 可都知跡 痛情者 不忍都毛
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 11, poem 2590)
        石根踏 夜道不行 念跡 妹依者 忍金津毛
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 11, poem 2635)
        剱刀 身尓佩副流 大夫也 恋云物乎 忍金手武
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 11, poem 2752)
        吾妹児乎 聞都賀野辺能 靡合歓木 吾者隠不得 間無念者
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 12, poem 2987)
        梓弓 引而不緩 大夫哉 恋云物乎 忍不得牟
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 17, poem 3940)
        余呂豆代尓 許己呂波刀気氐 和我世古我 都美之手見都追 志乃備加祢都母
    3. to endure, to bear, to restrain oneself
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 12, poem 2911)
        人目多見 眼社忍礼 小毛 心中尓 吾念莫国
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 16, poem 3795)
        辱忍 辱尾黙 无事 物不言先丹 我者将依 二

    Conjugation
    Conjugation of "忍ぶ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
    Mizenkei ("imperfective") 忍ば しのば shinoba
    Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 忍び しのび shinobi
    Shūshikei ("terminal") 忍ぶ しのぶ shinobu
    Rentaikei ("attributive") 忍ぶ しのぶ shinobu
    Kateikei ("hypothetical") 忍べ しのべ shinobe
    Meireikei ("imperative") 忍べ しのべ shinobe
    Key constructions
    Passive 忍ばれる しのばれる shinobareru
    Causative 忍ばせる
    忍ばす    		 しのばせる
    しのばす    		 shinobaseru
    shinobasu
    Potential 忍べる しのべる shinoberu
    Volitional 忍ぼう しのぼう shinobō
    Negative 忍ばない しのばない shinobanai
    Negative continuative 忍ばず しのばず shinobazu
    Formal 忍びます しのびます shinobimasu
    Perfective 忍んだ しのんだ shinonda
    Conjunctive 忍んで しのんで shinonde
    Hypothetical conditional 忍べば しのべば shinobeba

    References
    • Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Man’yōshū 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1999, →ISBN.
    • Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 2: Man’yōshū 2 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2000, →ISBN.
    • Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.
    • Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man’yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2003, →ISBN.
    1. “忍”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
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