restrained; mud; paste restrained; mud; paste; pulp |
name of a river | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (泥洹) | 泥 | 洹 | |
| simp. #(泥洹) | 泥 | 洹 | |
| Rime | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 泥 | 泥 | 洹 | 洹 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 泥 (8) | 云 (35) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 齊 (39) | 元 (66) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV | IV | III | I |
| Fanqie | 奴低切 | 奴計切 | 雨元切 | 胡官切 |
| Reconstructions | ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/nei/ | /neiH/ | /ɦʉɐn/ | /ɦuɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/nei/ | /neiH/ | /ɦʷiɐn/ | /ɦʷɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/nɛi/ | /nɛiH/ | /ɣiuɐn/ | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/nɛj/ | /nɛjH/ | /ɦuan/ | /ɦwan/ |
| Li Rong |
/nei/ | /neiH/ | /ɣiuɐn/ | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Wang Li |
/niei/ | /nieiH/ | /ɣĭwɐn/ | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/niei/ | /nieiH/ | /i̯wɐn/ | /ɣuɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
ní | nì | yuán | huán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
nai4 | nai6 | jyun4 | wun4 |