焼ける
Japanese
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 焼 |
| や Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 燒ける (kyūjitai) |
From Old Japanese 焼く (yaku), following 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”). See the entry for further details.
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "焼ける"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
焼ける | やける | [yàkérú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 焼けろ | やけろ | [yàkéró] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 焼けられる | やけられる | [yàkérárérú] |
| Causative | 焼けさせる | やけさせる | [yàkésásérú] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 焼けよう | やけよー | [yàkéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 焼けない | やけない | [yàkénáí] |
| Negative perfective | 焼けなかった | やけなかった | [yàkénáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 焼けます | やけます | [yàkémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 焼けた | やけた | [yàkétá] |
| Conjunctive | 焼けて | やけて | [yàkété] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 焼ければ | やければ | [yàkéréꜜbà] |
Verb
焼ける • (yakeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 焼け (yake), past 焼けた (yaketa))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 焼く |
| mediopassive | 焼ける |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "焼ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 焼け | やけ | yake | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 焼け | やけ | yake | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 焼ける | やける | yakeru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 焼ける | やける | yakeru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 焼けれ | やけれ | yakere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 焼けよ¹ 焼けろ² |
やけよ¹ やけろ² |
yakeyo¹ yakero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 焼けられる | やけられる | yakerareru | |
| Causative | 焼けさせる 焼けさす |
やけさせる やけさす |
yakesaseru yakesasu | |
| Potential | 焼けられる 焼けれる³ |
やけられる やけれる³ |
yakerareru yakereru³ | |
| Volitional | 焼けよう | やけよう | yakeyō | |
| Negative | 焼けない 焼けぬ 焼けん |
やけない やけぬ やけん |
yakenai yakenu yaken | |
| Negative continuative | 焼けず | やけず | yakezu | |
| Formal | 焼けます | やけます | yakemasu | |
| Perfective | 焼けた | やけた | yaketa | |
| Conjunctive | 焼けて | やけて | yakete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 焼ければ | やければ | yakereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Classical conjugation of "焼く" (カ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 焼け | やけ | yake |
| Continuative (連用形) | 焼け | やけ | yake |
| Terminal (終止形) | 焼く | やく | yaku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 焼くる | やくる | yakuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 焼くれ | やくれ | yakure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 焼けよ | やけよ | yakeyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 焼けず | やけず | yakezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 焼くれど | やくれど | yakuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 焼くれば | やくれば | yakureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 焼けば | やけば | yakeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 焼けき | やけき | yakeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 焼けけり | やけけり | yakekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 焼けつ | やけつ | yaketu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 焼けぬ | やけぬ | yakenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 焼けたり | やけたり | yaketari |
| Volitional | 焼けむ | やけむ | yakemu |
References
- “焼・妬”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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