石榴

Chinese

rock; stone; 10 pecks pomegranate
simp. and trad.
(石榴)
alternative forms 石留

Etymology

Short for 安石榴 (ānshíliú); see there for more.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • siêh8 liu5 - Chaozhou;
  • sioh8 liu5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: 5zaq-lieu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /z̥a̱ʔ¹¹ liɜ²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: shr6 liou
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ liəu³/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /sz̩²⁴ liəu³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (25) (37)
Final () (123) (136)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/ /lɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɛk̚/ /liu/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑiæk̚/ /liəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑiajk̚/ /luw/
Li
Rong
/ʑiɛk̚/ /liu/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭɛk̚/ /lĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯ɛk̚/ /li̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shí liú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sik6 lau4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shí
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyek ›
Old
Chinese
/*dAk/
English stone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11470 8886
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*djaɡ/ /*m·ru/

Noun

石榴

石榴

  1. pomegranate
  2. (Shouguang Mandarin) hawthorn
  3. (Cantonese) guava

Synonyms

Derived terms

Further reading

Japanese

石榴 (zakuro, jakuro, sekiryū): young pomegranate trees.
石榴 (zakuro, jakuro, sekiryū): an opened pomegranate fruit.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
じゃく > ざく
Grade: 1
る > ろ
Hyōgaiji
irregular
Alternative spelling
柘榴

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC d͡ʑiᴇk̚ lɨu, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Compare modern Wu reading zaq lieu, Hakka sa̍k-liù.

The zakuro reading is irregular. This may represent a shift in pronunciation from an older borrowing: compare the expected goon reading jakuru. Alternatively, this reading may reflect an ancient sound borrowing, indicating the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Iran, where the pomegranate was originally cultivated.[1]

The spelling 柘榴 is attested in 747 CE.[2] The zakuro reading is attested to at least the late 900s in the 古今和歌六帖 (Kokin Waka Rokujō, Six Volumes of Waka Poetry of Ancient and Modern Times).[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

(ざく)() (zakuro) 

  1. [from 747] pomegranate
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ザクロ.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
じゃく
Grade: 1
る > ろ
Hyōgaiji
goon irregular
Alternative spelling
若榴

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC d͡ʑiᴇk̚ lɨu, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular goon reading of jaku for the first character, and the irregular ro reading for the second character instead of the expected goon reading of ru.

The jakuro reading is attested from the mid-1400s.[2] While rare and missing from some dictionaries,[3][5] this reading is attested more recently in a text from the 1960s.[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ᵝɾo̞]

Noun

(じゃく)() (jakuro) 

  1. [from mid-1400s] (rare) pomegranate
Usage notes

The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
せき
Grade: 1
りゅう
Hyōgaiji
kan’on

/sekiriu//sekirjuː/

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC d͡ʑiᴇk̚ lɨu, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular kanon reading of both characters.

The sekiriu reading is attested from the mid-1400s.[2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) きりゅう [séꜜkìryùù] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
  • IPA(key): [se̞kʲiɾʲɨᵝː]

Noun

(せき)(りゅう) (sekiryū) せきりう (sekiriu)?

  1. [from mid-1400s] (uncommon) pomegranate
Usage notes

The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.

Derived terms

References

  1. 清水桂一 (Keiichi Shimizu), editor (1980) たべもの語源辞典 (Tabemono Gogen Jiten, “Etymological Dictionary of Foods”) (in Japanese), 東京堂出版 (Tōkyō-dō Shuppan, “Tokyo Hall Publishing”), →ISBN, archived from the original on 2021-06-06
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term

Noun

石榴 (seongnyu) (hangeul 석류)

  1. Hanja form? of 석류 (pomegranate).

Okinawan

Etymology

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ざぐら.[1] Appears to be cognate with Japanese 石榴 (zakuro); see that entry for further details.

Noun

石榴 (hiragana ざくら, rōmaji zakura)

  1. pomegranate

References

  1. 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/43

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term

Noun

石榴

  1. chữ Hán form of thạch lựu (pomegranate).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.