育む

Japanese
Kanji in this term
育
はぐく
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
哺む

Etymology
  • From 羽含(はくく)む (hakukumu)[1][2]
  • From 羽包(はくく)む (hakukumu)[3][4]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) はぐく​む [hàgúkúꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ha̠ɡɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

育(はぐく)む or 育(はごく)む • (hagukumu or hagokumu) transitive godan (stem 育(はぐく)み (hagukumi), past 育(はぐく)んだ (hagukunda))

  1. raise, bring up, rear

Conjugation
Conjugation of "育む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 育ま はぐくま hagukuma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 育み はぐくみ hagukumi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 育む はぐくむ hagukumu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 育む はぐくむ hagukumu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 育め はぐくめ hagukume
Meireikei ("imperative") 育め はぐくめ hagukume
Key constructions
Passive 育まれる はぐくまれる hagukumareru
Causative 育ませる
育ます		 はぐくませる
はぐくます		 hagukumaseru
hagukumasu
Potential 育める はぐくめる hagukumeru
Volitional 育もう はぐくもう hagukumō
Negative 育まない はぐくまない hagukumanai
Negative continuative 育まず はぐくまず hagukumazu
Formal 育みます はぐくみます hagukumimasu
Perfective 育んだ はぐくんだ hagukunda
Conjunctive 育んで はぐくんで hagukunde
Hypothetical conditional 育めば はぐくめば hagukumeba

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  4. 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
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