酷い

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
ひど
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Derived from 非道 (hidō, evil, inhumanity).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "酷い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 酷く どく
[híꜜdòkù]
[hìdóꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 酷い [hìdóꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 酷い [hìdóꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 酷くない どくない
くない
[híꜜdòkùnàì]
[hìdóꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 酷かった どかった
かった
[híꜜdòkàttà]
[hìdóꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 酷くなかった どくなかった
くなかった
[híꜜdòkùnàkàttà]
[hìdóꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 酷いです いです [hìdóꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 酷くて どくて
くて
[híꜜdòkùtè]
[hìdóꜜkùtè]
Conditional 酷ければ どければ
ければ
[híꜜdòkèrèbà]
[hìdóꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

(ひど) (hidoi) -i (adverbial (ひど) (hidoku))

  1. cruel
    ひどーい
    Hidōi!
    You're mean! / That's mean!
  2. severe, terrible
    (ひど)(あらし)()()まれた。
    Hidoi arashi ni makikomareta.
    I was caught in a severe storm.
  3. very bad, terrible
    (ひど)結果(けっか)だった。
    Hidoi kekka datta.
    It was a terrible result.
Inflection

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
むご
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
惨い

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Adjective

(むご) (mugoi) -i (adverbial (むご) (mugoku))

  1. horrible
  2. cruel
    あれは(じつ)(むご)事件(じけん)だった。
    Are wa jitsu ni mugoi jiken datta.
    That was a really cruel incident.
Inflection

See also

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. 1960, Tetsuo Hirayama (平山輝男, editor), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, Nationwide Accent Dictionary), (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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