계시다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 겨〯시다〮 (Yale: kyĕsìtá).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkje̞(ː)ɕʰida̠] ~ [ˈke̞(ː)ɕʰida̠]
  • Phonetic hangul: [계(ː)시다/게(ː)시다]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gyesida
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gyesida
McCune–Reischauer?kyesida
Yale Romanization?kyēysita

Verb

계시다 • (gyesida) (infinitive 계셔 or 계시어, sequential 계시니)

  1. (honorific) honorific of 있다 (itda); to stay
    안녕히 계세요.
    annyeonghi gyeseyo.
    Goodbye. (as said by the person leaving to the person staying)

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 계시다 (gyesida): vowel-stem, 시(si)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 계신다
gyesinda		 계셔
gyesyeo		 계세요, 계셔요
gyeseyo, gyesyeoyo		 계십니다
gyesimnida
Past 계셨다
gyesyeotda		 계셨어
gyesyeosseo		 계셨어요
gyesyeosseoyo		 계셨습니다
gyesyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 계시느냐
gyesineunya		 계셔
gyesyeo		 계세요, 계셔요
gyeseyo, gyesyeoyo		 계십니까
gyesimnikka
Past 계셨느냐
gyesyeonneunya		 계셨어
gyesyeosseo		 계셨어요
gyesyeosseoyo		 계셨습니까
gyesyeotseumnikka
Imperative 계세요, 계셔요
gyeseyo, gyesyeoyo		계십시오
gyesipsio
Assertive 계시겠다
gyesigetda		계시겠어
gyesigesseo		계시겠어요
gyesigesseoyo		계시겠습니다
gyesigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 계셔
gyesyeo		계셔서
gyesyeoseo		계시니
gyesini		계시니까
gyesinikka
Contrast 계시지만
gyesijiman		계시는데
gyesineunde		계시더니
gyesideoni
Conjunction 계시고
gyesigo
Condition 계시면
gyesimyeon		계셔야
gyesyeoya
Motive 계시려고
gyesiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 계심
gyesim		계시기
gyesigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 계셨음
gyesyeosseum		계셨기
gyesyeotgi
Determiners Past 계신
gyesin
Present 계시는
gyesineun
Future 계실
gyesil

This verb is in honorific form.

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