과로하다
Korean
Etymology
과로(過勞) (gwaro) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkwa̠(ː)ɾo̞ɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [과(ː)로하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gwarohada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gwalohada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kwarohada |
| Yale Romanization? | kwālohata |
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 과로하다 (gwarohada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 과로한다 gwarohanda |
과로해 gwarohae |
과로해요 gwarohaeyo |
과로합니다 gwarohamnida |
| Past | 과로했다 gwarohaetda |
과로했어 gwarohaesseo |
과로했어요 gwarohaesseoyo |
과로했습니다 gwarohaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 과로하느냐 gwarohaneunya |
과로해 gwarohae |
과로해요 gwarohaeyo |
과로합니까 gwarohamnikka |
| Past | 과로했느냐 gwarohaenneunya |
과로했어 gwarohaesseo |
과로했어요 gwarohaesseoyo |
과로했습니까 gwarohaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 과로하자 gwarohaja | 과로해 gwarohae | 과로해요 gwarohaeyo | 과로합시다 gwarohapsida | |
| Imperative | 과로해라, 과로하여라 gwarohaera, gwarohayeora | 과로해 gwarohae | 과로해요 gwarohaeyo | 과로합시오 gwarohapsio | |
| Assertive | 과로하겠다 gwarohagetda | 과로하겠어 gwarohagesseo | 과로하겠어요 gwarohagesseoyo | 과로하겠습니다 gwarohagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 과로해 gwarohae | 과로해서, 과로하여서 gwarohaeseo, gwarohayeoseo | 과로하니 gwarohani | 과로하니까 gwarohanikka | |
| Contrast | 과로하지만 gwarohajiman | 과로하는데 gwarohaneunde | 과로하더니 gwarohadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 과로하고 gwarohago | ||||
| Condition | 과로하면 gwarohamyeon | 과로해야, 과로하여야 gwarohaeya, gwarohayeoya | |||
| Motive | 과로하려고 gwaroharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 과로함 gwaroham | 과로하기 gwarohagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 과로했음, 과로하였음 gwarohaesseum, gwarohayeosseum | 과로했기, 과로하였기 gwarohaetgi, gwarohayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 과로한 gwarohan | |||
| Present | 과로하는 gwarohaneun | ||||
| Future | 과로할 gwarohal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 과로하신다 gwarohasinda |
과로하셔 gwarohasyeo |
과로하세요, 과로하셔요 gwarohaseyo, gwarohasyeoyo |
과로하십니다 gwarohasimnida |
| Past | 과로하셨다 gwarohasyeotda |
과로하셨어 gwarohasyeosseo |
과로하셨어요 gwarohasyeosseoyo |
과로하셨습니다 gwarohasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 과로하시느냐 gwarohasineunya |
과로하셔 gwarohasyeo |
과로하세요, 과로하셔요 gwarohaseyo, gwarohasyeoyo |
과로하십니까 gwarohasimnikka |
| Past | 과로하셨느냐 gwarohasyeonneunya |
과로하셨어 gwarohasyeosseo |
과로하셨어요 gwarohasyeosseoyo |
과로하셨습니까 gwarohasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 과로하시라 gwarohasira | 과로하셔 gwarohasyeo | 과로하세요 gwarohaseyo | 과로하십시오 gwarohasipsio | |
| Assertive | 과로하시겠다 gwarohasigetda | 과로하시겠어 gwarohasigesseo | 과로하시겠어요 gwarohasigesseoyo | 과로하시겠습니다 gwarohasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 과로하셔 gwarohasyeo | 과로하셔서 gwarohasyeoseo | 과로하시니 gwarohasini | 과로하시니까 gwarohasinikka | |
| Contrast | 과로하시지만 gwarohasijiman | 과로하시는데 gwarohasineunde | 과로하시더니 gwarohasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 과로하시고 gwarohasigo | ||||
| Condition | 과로하시면 gwarohasimyeon | 과로하셔야 gwarohasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 과로하시려고 gwarohasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 과로하심 gwarohasim | 과로하시기 gwarohasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 과로하셨음 gwarohasyeosseum | 과로하셨기 gwarohasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 과로하신 gwarohasin | |||
| Present | 과로하시는 gwarohasineun | ||||
| Future | 과로하실 gwarohasil | ||||
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