굽다
Jeju
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /kup̚t͈a̠/
References
- “굽다” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.
Korean
Etymology 1
Of native Korean origin.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kup̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [굽따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gupda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gubda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kupta |
| Yale Romanization? | kwupta |
Adjective
굽다 • (gupda) (infinitive 굽어, sequential 굽으니)
| Base | 굽다 (gupda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 굽히다 (guphida) |
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 굽다 (gupda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 굽다 gupda |
굽어 gubeo |
굽어요 gubeoyo |
굽습니다 gupseumnida |
| Past | 굽었다 gubeotda |
굽었어 gubeosseo |
굽었어요 gubeosseoyo |
굽었습니다 gubeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 굽으냐 gubeunya |
굽어 gubeo |
굽어요 gubeoyo |
굽습니까 gupseumnikka |
| Past | 굽었냐 gubeonnya |
굽었어 gubeosseo |
굽었어요 gubeosseoyo |
굽었습니까 gubeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 굽겠다 gupgetda | 굽겠어 gupgesseo | 굽겠어요 gupgesseoyo | 굽겠습니다 gupgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 굽어 gubeo | 굽어서 gubeoseo | 굽으니 gubeuni | 굽으니까 gubeunikka | |
| Contrast | 굽지만 gupjiman | 굽은데 gubeunde | 굽더니 gupdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 굽고 gupgo | ||||
| Condition | 굽으면 gubeumyeon | 굽어야 gubeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 굽음 gubeum | 굽기 gupgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 굽었음 gubeosseum | 굽었기 gubeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 굽은 gubeun | |||
| Future | 굽을 gubeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 굽으시다 gubeusida |
굽으셔 gubeusyeo |
굽으세요, 굽으셔요 gubeuseyo, gubeusyeoyo |
굽으십니다 gubeusimnida |
| Past | 굽으셨다 gubeusyeotda |
굽으셨어 gubeusyeosseo |
굽으셨어요 gubeusyeosseoyo |
굽으셨습니다 gubeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 굽으시냐 gubeusinya |
굽으셔 gubeusyeo |
굽으세요, 굽으셔요 gubeuseyo, gubeusyeoyo |
굽으십니까 gubeusimnikka |
| Past | 굽으셨냐 gubeusyeonnya |
굽으셨어 gubeusyeosseo |
굽으셨어요 gubeusyeosseoyo |
굽으셨습니까 gubeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 굽으시겠다 gubeusigetda | 굽으시겠어 gubeusigesseo | 굽으시겠어요 gubeusigesseoyo | 굽으시겠습니다 gubeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 굽으셔 gubeusyeo | 굽으셔서 gubeusyeoseo | 굽으시니 gubeusini | 굽으시니까 gubeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 굽으시지만 gubeusijiman | 굽으신데 gubeusinde | 굽으시더니 gubeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 굽으시고 gubeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 굽으시면 gubeusimyeon | 굽으셔야 gubeusyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 굽으심 gubeusim | 굽으시기 gubeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 굽으셨음 gubeusyeosseum | 굽으셨기 gubeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 굽으신 gubeusin | |||
| Future | 굽으실 gubeusil | ||||
Derived terms
- 굽실거리다 (gupsilgeorida, “To bow the neck repeatedly, humble oneself”)
- 굽어보다 (gubeoboda, “To look down and pay attention”)
- 굽어살피다 (gubeosalpida, “To look down and pay attention”)
- 굽은 (gubeun, “bent, curved, humped, humpbacked, hunched”)
- 굽이 (gubi, “bend, curve, turn”)
- 굽히다 (guphida, “To bend, curve, hunch”)
Related terms
- nouns
- 곱사등이 (gopsadeung'i, “humpback, hunchback”)
- 꼽추 (kkopchu, “humpback, hunchback”)
- 구루병 (gurubyeong, “kyphosis”)
- 구리 (guri, “copper”)
- 혹 (hok, “hump, bump”)
- verbs
- 고부라지다 (goburajida, “To be bent, curved, humped, humpbacked, hunched”) (to a lesser degree than 구부러지다 (gubureojida))
- 곱다 (gopda, “To be bent, curved, hunched”)
- 꼽다 (kkopda, “To bend (the finger), count”)
- 구르다 (gureuda, “To roll”)
- 구부리다 (guburida, “To bend, curve”)
- 구불거리다 (gubulgeorida, “To meander, wind, zigzag”)
- (North Korea) 구불다 (gubulda, “To be bent”)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈku(ː)p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [굽(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gupda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gubda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kupta |
| Yale Romanization? | kwūpta |
Verb
굽다 • (gupda) (irregular, infinitive 구워, sequential 구우니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 굽다 (gupda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 굽는다 gumneunda |
구워 guwo |
구워요 guwoyo |
굽습니다 gupseumnida |
| Past | 구웠다 guwotda |
구웠어 guwosseo |
구웠어요 guwosseoyo |
구웠습니다 guwotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 굽느냐 gumneunya |
구워 guwo |
구워요 guwoyo |
굽습니까 gupseumnikka |
| Past | 구웠느냐 guwonneunya |
구웠어 guwosseo |
구웠어요 guwosseoyo |
구웠습니까 guwotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 굽자 gupja | 구워 guwo | 구워요 guwoyo | 굽읍시다 gubeupsida | |
| Imperative | 구워라 guwora | 구워 guwo | 구워요 guwoyo | 굽읍시오 gubeupsio | |
| Assertive | 굽겠다 gupgetda | 굽겠어 gupgesseo | 굽겠어요 gupgesseoyo | 굽겠습니다 gupgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 구워 guwo | 구워서 guwoseo | 구우니 guuni | 구우니까 guunikka | |
| Contrast | 굽지만 gupjiman | 굽는데 gumneunde | 굽더니 gupdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 굽고 gupgo | ||||
| Condition | 구우면 guumyeon | 구워야 guwoya | |||
| Motive | 구우려고 guuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 구움 guum | 굽기 gupgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 구웠음 guwosseum | 구웠기 guwotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 구운 guun | |||
| Present | 굽는 gumneun | ||||
| Future | 구울 guul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 구우신다 guusinda |
구우셔 guusyeo |
구우세요, 구우셔요 guuseyo, guusyeoyo |
구우십니다 guusimnida |
| Past | 구우셨다 guusyeotda |
구우셨어 guusyeosseo |
구우셨어요 guusyeosseoyo |
구우셨습니다 guusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 구우시느냐 guusineunya |
구우셔 guusyeo |
구우세요, 구우셔요 guuseyo, guusyeoyo |
구우십니까 guusimnikka |
| Past | 구우셨느냐 guusyeonneunya |
구우셨어 guusyeosseo |
구우셨어요 guusyeosseoyo |
구우셨습니까 guusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 구우시라 guusira | 구우셔 guusyeo | 구우세요 guuseyo | 구우십시오 guusipsio | |
| Assertive | 구우시겠다 guusigetda | 구우시겠어 guusigesseo | 구우시겠어요 guusigesseoyo | 구우시겠습니다 guusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 구우셔 guusyeo | 구우셔서 guusyeoseo | 구우시니 guusini | 구우시니까 guusinikka | |
| Contrast | 구우시지만 guusijiman | 구우시는데 guusineunde | 구우시더니 guusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 구우시고 guusigo | ||||
| Condition | 구우시면 guusimyeon | 구우셔야 guusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 구우시려고 guusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 구우심 guusim | 구우시기 guusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 구우셨음 guusyeosseum | 구우셨기 guusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 구우신 guusin | |||
| Present | 구우시는 guusineun | ||||
| Future | 구우실 guusil | ||||
Derived terms
- 구워먹다 (guwomeokda, “to roast and eat”)
- 구워지다 (guwojida, “to be roasted”)
- 구이 (gu'i, “roasted food”)
See also
- 굽 (gup, “hoof”)
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