나무하다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Myobeopyeonhwagyeong eonhae (妙法蓮華經諺解 / 묘법연화경언해), 1463, as Middle Korean 나모ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: nàmwò-hòtá), equivalent to modern 나무 (namu, “tree”) +‎ 하다 (hada).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [na̠muɦa̠da̠]
Phonetic hangeul: [나무하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	namuhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	namuhada
McCune–Reischauer^?	namuhada
Yale Romanization^?	namuhata

Verb

나무하다 • (namuhada) (infinitive 나무해 or 나무하여, sequential 나무하니)

to cut and gather firewood

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 나무하다 (namuhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	나무한다 namuhanda	나무해 namuhae	나무해요 namuhaeyo	나무합니다 namuhamnida
Indicative	Past	나무했다 namuhaetda	나무했어 namuhaesseo	나무했어요 namuhaesseoyo	나무했습니다 namuhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	나무하느냐 namuhaneunya	나무해 namuhae	나무해요 namuhaeyo	나무합니까 namuhamnikka
Interrogative	Past	나무했느냐 namuhaenneunya	나무했어 namuhaesseo	나무했어요 namuhaesseoyo	나무했습니까 namuhaetseumnikka
Hortative		나무하자 namuhaja	나무해 namuhae	나무해요 namuhaeyo	나무합시다 namuhapsida
Imperative		나무해라, 나무하여라 namuhaera, namuhayeora	나무해 namuhae	나무해요 namuhaeyo	나무합시오 namuhapsio
Assertive		나무하겠다 namuhagetda	나무하겠어 namuhagesseo	나무하겠어요 namuhagesseoyo	나무하겠습니다 namuhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		나무해 namuhae	나무해서, 나무하여서 namuhaeseo, namuhayeoseo	나무하니 namuhani	나무하니까 namuhanikka
Contrast		나무하지만 namuhajiman	나무하는데 namuhaneunde	나무하더니 namuhadeoni
Conjunction		나무하고 namuhago
Condition		나무하면 namuhamyeon	나무해야, 나무하여야 namuhaeya, namuhayeoya
Motive		나무하려고 namuharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		나무함 namuham	나무하기 namuhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		나무했음, 나무하였음 namuhaesseum, namuhayeosseum	나무했기, 나무하였기 namuhaetgi, namuhayeotgi
Determiners	Past	나무한 namuhan
	Present	나무하는 namuhaneun
	Future	나무할 namuhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	나무하신다 namuhasinda	나무하셔 namuhasyeo	나무하세요, 나무하셔요 namuhaseyo, namuhasyeoyo	나무하십니다 namuhasimnida
Indicative	Past	나무하셨다 namuhasyeotda	나무하셨어 namuhasyeosseo	나무하셨어요 namuhasyeosseoyo	나무하셨습니다 namuhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	나무하시느냐 namuhasineunya	나무하셔 namuhasyeo	나무하세요, 나무하셔요 namuhaseyo, namuhasyeoyo	나무하십니까 namuhasimnikka
Interrogative	Past	나무하셨느냐 namuhasyeonneunya	나무하셨어 namuhasyeosseo	나무하셨어요 namuhasyeosseoyo	나무하셨습니까 namuhasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		나무하시라 namuhasira	나무하셔 namuhasyeo	나무하세요 namuhaseyo	나무하십시오 namuhasipsio
Assertive		나무하시겠다 namuhasigetda	나무하시겠어 namuhasigesseo	나무하시겠어요 namuhasigesseoyo	나무하시겠습니다 namuhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		나무하셔 namuhasyeo	나무하셔서 namuhasyeoseo	나무하시니 namuhasini	나무하시니까 namuhasinikka
Contrast		나무하시지만 namuhasijiman	나무하시는데 namuhasineunde	나무하시더니 namuhasideoni
Conjunction		나무하시고 namuhasigo
Condition		나무하시면 namuhasimyeon	나무하셔야 namuhasyeoya
Motive		나무하시려고 namuhasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		나무하심 namuhasim	나무하시기 namuhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		나무하셨음 namuhasyeosseum	나무하셨기 namuhasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	나무하신 namuhasin
	Present	나무하시는 namuhasineun
	Future	나무하실 namuhasil

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