덥다

Jeju

Etymology

Cognate with Korean 덥다 (deopda).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /təp̚t͈a̠/

Adjective

덥다 (deopda)

  1. (to be) hot, warm

Synonyms

References
  • “덥다” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 덥〯다〮 (Yale: těptá).

Possible cognates include Japanese 灯す (tomosu, “to light”) and Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot, warm”).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈtɘ(ː)p̚t͈a̠]
  • Phonetic hangul: [덥(ː)따]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?deopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?deobda
McCune–Reischauer?tŏpta
Yale Romanization?tēpta

Adjective

덥다 • (deopda) (irregular, infinitive 더워, sequential 더우니)

  1. to be hot (of the weather or outside temperature)
    Antonym: 춥다 (chupda)
    날씨가 덥지 않아요?
    nalssiga deopji anayo?
    Isn't the weather hot?
  2. (dated) to be hot (of an object)
    Synonym: (used nowadays) 뜨겁다 (tteugeopda)

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 덥다 (deopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 덥다
deopda		 더워
deowo		 더워요
deowoyo		 덥습니다
deopseumnida
Past 더웠다
deowotda		 더웠어
deowosseo		 더웠어요
deowosseoyo		 더웠습니다
deowotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 더우냐
deounya		 더워
deowo		 더워요
deowoyo		 덥습니까
deopseumnikka
Past 더웠냐
deowonnya		 더웠어
deowosseo		 더웠어요
deowosseoyo		 더웠습니까
deowotseumnikka
Assertive 덥겠다
deopgetda		덥겠어
deopgesseo		덥겠어요
deopgesseoyo		덥겠습니다
deopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 더워
deowo		더워서
deowoseo		더우니
deouni		더우니까
deounikka
Contrast 덥지만
deopjiman		더운데
deounde		덥더니
deopdeoni
Conjunction 덥고
deopgo
Condition 더우면
deoumyeon		더워야
deowoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 더움
deoum		덥기
deopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 더웠음
deowosseum		더웠기
deowotgi
Determiners Present 더운
deoun
Future 더울
deoul


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 더우시다
deousida		 더우셔
deousyeo		 더우세요, 더우셔요
deouseyo, deousyeoyo		 더우십니다
deousimnida
Past 더우셨다
deousyeotda		 더우셨어
deousyeosseo		 더우셨어요
deousyeosseoyo		 더우셨습니다
deousyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 더우시냐
deousinya		 더우셔
deousyeo		 더우세요, 더우셔요
deouseyo, deousyeoyo		 더우십니까
deousimnikka
Past 더우셨냐
deousyeonnya		 더우셨어
deousyeosseo		 더우셨어요
deousyeosseoyo		 더우셨습니까
deousyeotseumnikka
Assertive 더우시겠다
deousigetda		더우시겠어
deousigesseo		더우시겠어요
deousigesseoyo		더우시겠습니다
deousigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 더우셔
deousyeo		더우셔서
deousyeoseo		더우시니
deousini		더우시니까
deousinikka
Contrast 더우시지만
deousijiman		더우신데
deousinde		더우시더니
deousideoni
Conjunction 더우시고
deousigo
Condition 더우시면
deousimyeon		더우셔야
deousyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 더우심
deousim		더우시기
deousigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 더우셨음
deousyeosseum		더우셨기
deousyeotgi
Determiners Present 더우신
deousin
Future 더우실
deousil

Middle Korean

Alternative forms
  • 더ᇦ다 (Yale: teWta) (phonemic orthography)

Adjective

덥〯다〮 (těptá)

  1. (to be) hot, warm
    • 1459, Worin seokbo 月印釋譜 / 월인석보:
      모〮미〮 겨ᅀᅳ〮렌 덥〯고〮 녀르〮멘 ᄎᆞ〮고〮
      mwóm-í kyèzúl-èyn těpkwó nyèlúm-èyn chókwó
      The body is warm during the winter and cold during the summer, and...

Conjugation
Accentual class R! lenited-consonant stem
DeclarativeConnectiveInfinitiveConditional
덥〯다〮 (těptá)  덥〯고〮 (těpkwó)  더ᄫᅥ〮 (tèWé)  더ᄫᅳ〮면〮 (tèWúmyén)  

Antonyms

Descendants
  • Jeju: 덥다 (deopda)
  • Korean: 덥다 (deopda)
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