뒤집다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Eulbyeong yeonhaengnok (乙丙燕行錄/ 을병연행록), 1766, as Early Modern Korean 뒤딥다 (Yale: twuy-tipta). Also attested in the Eulbyeong yeonhaengnok (乙丙燕行錄/ 을병연행록), 1766, as Early Modern Korean 뒤집다 (Yale: twuy-cipta).

The first element is from Middle Korean 드위다 (Yale: tuwuyta) "to flip", but the second element is not clear. Yi Hyeon-jeong notes that 집다 (jipda, “to grab”) or 잡다 (japda, “to catch”) are both a passable semantic match, but that neither form is compatible with 딥다. As the palatalization of /ti/ to /t͡ɕi/ was ongoing in 1766 and both forms are attested in the same text, Yi speculates that 뒤딥다 is a result of hypercorrection by the writer.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tɥid͡ʑip̚t͈a̠] ~ [tyd͡ʑip̚t͈a̠]
Phonetic hangul: [뒤집따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	dwijipda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	dwijibda
McCune–Reischauer^?	twijipta
Yale Romanization^?	twicipta

Verb

뒤집다 • (dwijipda) (infinitive 뒤집어, sequential 뒤집으니)

to flip (an object, such as a pancake on a hot skillet)
to capsize (a floating vessel, from rowboats to ships, of any size)

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 뒤집다 (dwijipda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	뒤집는다 dwijimneunda	뒤집어 dwijibeo	뒤집어요 dwijibeoyo	뒤집습니다 dwijipseumnida
Indicative	Past	뒤집었다 dwijibeotda	뒤집었어 dwijibeosseo	뒤집었어요 dwijibeosseoyo	뒤집었습니다 dwijibeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	뒤집느냐 dwijimneunya	뒤집어 dwijibeo	뒤집어요 dwijibeoyo	뒤집습니까 dwijipseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	뒤집었느냐 dwijibeonneunya	뒤집었어 dwijibeosseo	뒤집었어요 dwijibeosseoyo	뒤집었습니까 dwijibeotseumnikka
Hortative		뒤집자 dwijipja	뒤집어 dwijibeo	뒤집어요 dwijibeoyo	뒤집읍시다 dwijibeupsida
Imperative		뒤집어라 dwijibeora	뒤집어 dwijibeo	뒤집어요 dwijibeoyo	뒤집읍시오 dwijibeupsio
Assertive		뒤집겠다 dwijipgetda	뒤집겠어 dwijipgesseo	뒤집겠어요 dwijipgesseoyo	뒤집겠습니다 dwijipgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		뒤집어 dwijibeo	뒤집어서 dwijibeoseo	뒤집으니 dwijibeuni	뒤집으니까 dwijibeunikka
Contrast		뒤집지만 dwijipjiman	뒤집는데 dwijimneunde	뒤집더니 dwijipdeoni
Conjunction		뒤집고 dwijipgo
Condition		뒤집으면 dwijibeumyeon	뒤집어야 dwijibeoya
Motive		뒤집으려고 dwijibeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		뒤집음 dwijibeum	뒤집기 dwijipgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		뒤집었음 dwijibeosseum	뒤집었기 dwijibeotgi
Determiners	Past	뒤집은 dwijibeun
	Present	뒤집는 dwijimneun
	Future	뒤집을 dwijibeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	뒤집으신다 dwijibeusinda	뒤집으셔 dwijibeusyeo	뒤집으세요, 뒤집으셔요 dwijibeuseyo, dwijibeusyeoyo	뒤집으십니다 dwijibeusimnida
Indicative	Past	뒤집으셨다 dwijibeusyeotda	뒤집으셨어 dwijibeusyeosseo	뒤집으셨어요 dwijibeusyeosseoyo	뒤집으셨습니다 dwijibeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	뒤집으시느냐 dwijibeusineunya	뒤집으셔 dwijibeusyeo	뒤집으세요, 뒤집으셔요 dwijibeuseyo, dwijibeusyeoyo	뒤집으십니까 dwijibeusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	뒤집으셨느냐 dwijibeusyeonneunya	뒤집으셨어 dwijibeusyeosseo	뒤집으셨어요 dwijibeusyeosseoyo	뒤집으셨습니까 dwijibeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		뒤집으시라 dwijibeusira	뒤집으셔 dwijibeusyeo	뒤집으세요 dwijibeuseyo	뒤집으십시오 dwijibeusipsio
Assertive		뒤집으시겠다 dwijibeusigetda	뒤집으시겠어 dwijibeusigesseo	뒤집으시겠어요 dwijibeusigesseoyo	뒤집으시겠습니다 dwijibeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		뒤집으셔 dwijibeusyeo	뒤집으셔서 dwijibeusyeoseo	뒤집으시니 dwijibeusini	뒤집으시니까 dwijibeusinikka
Contrast		뒤집으시지만 dwijibeusijiman	뒤집으시는데 dwijibeusineunde	뒤집으시더니 dwijibeusideoni
Conjunction		뒤집으시고 dwijibeusigo
Condition		뒤집으시면 dwijibeusimyeon	뒤집으셔야 dwijibeusyeoya
Motive		뒤집으시려고 dwijibeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		뒤집으심 dwijibeusim	뒤집으시기 dwijibeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		뒤집으셨음 dwijibeusyeosseum	뒤집으셨기 dwijibeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	뒤집으신 dwijibeusin
	Present	뒤집으시는 dwijibeusineun
	Future	뒤집으실 dwijibeusil

References

이현정 (2011), “'드위'의 통시적 발달에 대하여 [On the diachronic development of tuwuy-]”, in Hyeongtaeron, volume 13, issue 2, pages 291–310

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