뚫다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Myobeomnyeonhwagyeong eonhae (妙法蓮華經諺解 / 묘법연화경언해), 1463, as Middle Korean 드ᇕ〯다〮 (Yale: tǔlW-tá).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͈uɭtʰa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [뚤타]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ttulta |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ttulhda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ttult'a |
| Yale Romanization? | ttwulhta |
Verb
| Base | 뚫다 (ttulta) |
|---|---|
| Passive | 뚫리다 (ttullida) |
뚫다 • (ttulta) (infinitive 뚫어, sequential 뚫으니) (transitive)
- to pierce a hole through, to bore through
- Antonym: 막다 (makda)
- to unblock something blocked
- Antonym: 막다 (makda)
- to overcome an obstacle
- 2006, President Roh Moo-hyun, “제4338주년 개천절 경축사 [Address on the 4338th National Foundation Day]”, in korea.kr:
- 그 고난과 시련의 역사를 뚫고 일어나 오늘 우리는 세계 10위권의 경제대국을 만들었습니다.
- Geu gonan-gwa siryeon-ui yeoksa-reul ttulko ireona oneul uri-neun segye sibwigwon-ui gyeongjedaegug-eul mandeureotseumnida.
- Tearing through that history of agony and trial, we rose up, and today we have made our country an economic power that stands among the ten or so greatest in the world.
-
- (chiefly as 뚫고 있다) to be well-versed in a subject
- to divine another's intentions
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 뚫다 (ttulta): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 뚫는다 ttulleunda |
뚫어 ttureo |
뚫어요 ttureoyo |
뚫습니다 ttulseumnida |
| Past | 뚫었다 ttureotda |
뚫었어 ttureosseo |
뚫었어요 ttureosseoyo |
뚫었습니다 ttureotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 뚫느냐 ttulleunya |
뚫어 ttureo |
뚫어요 ttureoyo |
뚫습니까 ttulseumnikka |
| Past | 뚫었느냐 ttureonneunya |
뚫었어 ttureosseo |
뚫었어요 ttureosseoyo |
뚫었습니까 ttureotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 뚫자 ttulcha | 뚫어 ttureo | 뚫어요 ttureoyo | 뚫읍시다 ttureupsida | |
| Imperative | 뚫어라 ttureora | 뚫어 ttureo | 뚫어요 ttureoyo | 뚫읍시오 ttureupsio | |
| Assertive | 뚫겠다 ttulketda | 뚫겠어 ttulkesseo | 뚫겠어요 ttulkesseoyo | 뚫겠습니다 ttulketseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 뚫어 ttureo | 뚫어서 ttureoseo | 뚫으니 ttureuni | 뚫으니까 ttureunikka | |
| Contrast | 뚫지만 ttulchiman | 뚫는데 ttulleunde | 뚫더니 ttulteoni | ||
| Conjunction | 뚫고 ttulko | ||||
| Condition | 뚫으면 ttureumyeon | 뚫어야 ttureoya | |||
| Motive | 뚫으려고 ttureuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 뚫음 ttureum | 뚫기 ttulki | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 뚫었음 ttureosseum | 뚫었기 ttureotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 뚫은 ttureun | |||
| Present | 뚫는 ttulleun | ||||
| Future | 뚫을 ttureul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 뚫으신다 ttureusinda |
뚫으셔 ttureusyeo |
뚫으세요, 뚫으셔요 ttureuseyo, ttureusyeoyo |
뚫으십니다 ttureusimnida |
| Past | 뚫으셨다 ttureusyeotda |
뚫으셨어 ttureusyeosseo |
뚫으셨어요 ttureusyeosseoyo |
뚫으셨습니다 ttureusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 뚫으시느냐 ttureusineunya |
뚫으셔 ttureusyeo |
뚫으세요, 뚫으셔요 ttureuseyo, ttureusyeoyo |
뚫으십니까 ttureusimnikka |
| Past | 뚫으셨느냐 ttureusyeonneunya |
뚫으셨어 ttureusyeosseo |
뚫으셨어요 ttureusyeosseoyo |
뚫으셨습니까 ttureusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 뚫으시라 ttureusira | 뚫으셔 ttureusyeo | 뚫으세요 ttureuseyo | 뚫으십시오 ttureusipsio | |
| Assertive | 뚫으시겠다 ttureusigetda | 뚫으시겠어 ttureusigesseo | 뚫으시겠어요 ttureusigesseoyo | 뚫으시겠습니다 ttureusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 뚫으셔 ttureusyeo | 뚫으셔서 ttureusyeoseo | 뚫으시니 ttureusini | 뚫으시니까 ttureusinikka | |
| Contrast | 뚫으시지만 ttureusijiman | 뚫으시는데 ttureusineunde | 뚫으시더니 ttureusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 뚫으시고 ttureusigo | ||||
| Condition | 뚫으시면 ttureusimyeon | 뚫으셔야 ttureusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 뚫으시려고 ttureusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 뚫으심 ttureusim | 뚫으시기 ttureusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 뚫으셨음 ttureusyeosseum | 뚫으셨기 ttureusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 뚫으신 ttureusin | |||
| Present | 뚫으시는 ttureusineun | ||||
| Future | 뚫으실 ttureusil | ||||
Alternative forms
| Historical and regional synonyms of 뚫다 (ttulta, “to pierce a hole”) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| view map; edit data | |||
| Group | Region | Location | Words |
| Standardised forms | South Korean Standard Language | 뚫다 (ttulta) | |
| North Korean Cultured Language | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Historical forms | Middle Korean | 드ᇕ〯다〮 (tǔlW-tá) (most common), ᄠᅳᇕ〯다〮 (ptǔlW-tá) (probably dialectal) | |
| Early Modern Seoul Korean | ᄯᅮᆲ다 (ttulda) (most common), ᄯᅮᆶ다 (ttulta) (from 19th century) | ||
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Modern colloquial Seoul | 뚫다 (ttulta) |
| Yeoncheon | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| Paju | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Pocheon | 뚜르다 (ttureuda) | ||
| Ganghwa | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Gimpo | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Goyang | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Yangju | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| Namyangju | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| Gapyeong | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| Siheung | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Gwangju | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Yangpyeong | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| Hwaseong | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Osan | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Icheon | 뚧다 (ttulda) | ||
| Yeongseo | Chuncheon | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | |
| Wonju | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| Cheorwon | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| Yanggu | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| Inje | 뚧다 (ttupda) | ||
| Hongcheon | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| Hoengseong | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| Yeongdong | Gangneung | 뚧다 (ttū̀pdá) | |
| Yangyang | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| Pyeongchang | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| Yeongwol | 뚧다 (ttū̀pdá) | ||
| Jeongseon | 뚤루다 (ttulluda) | ||
| North Chungcheong | Cheongju | 뚧다 (ttulda) | |
| Eumseong | 뚧다 (ttulda) | ||
| Chungju | 뚧다 (ttulda) | ||
| Jecheon | 뚧다 (ttulda) | ||
| Goesan | 뚧다 (ttulda) | ||
| Boeun | 뜳다 (ttēupda) | ||
| Okcheon | 뜳다 (tteupda) | ||
| Yeongdong | 뜳다 (tteupda) | ||
| South Chungcheong | Daejeon | 뚧다 (ttupda) | |
| Seosan | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Dangjin | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Asan | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Cheonan | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Yesan | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Hongseong | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Cheongyang | 뜷다 (tteulta) | ||
| Gongju | 뜷다 (tteulta) | ||
| Yeongi | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Boryeong | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Nonsan | 뜰따 (tteultta) | ||
| Geumsan | 뜳다 (tteupda) | ||
| South Hwanghae | Ongjin | 뚤루다 (ttulluda), 뚤따 (ttultta) | |
| Anak | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Southeastern Korean (Gyeongsang) | North Gyeongsang | Daegu | 떫다 (ttḕuldá) |
| Bonghwa | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá) | ||
| Uljin | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá), 떫다 (ttḕoldá) | ||
| Mungyeong | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá), 떫다 (ttḕoldá) | ||
| Yecheon | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá), 떫다 (ttḕoldá) | ||
| Andong | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá) | ||
| Yeongyang | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá) | ||
| Sangju | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá), 떫다 (ttḕoldá) | ||
| Uiseong | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá) | ||
| Cheongsong | 떫다 (ttḕoldá) | ||
| Gimcheon | 뜳다 (ttḕupdá) | ||
| Gumi | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá) | ||
| Gunwi | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá) | ||
| Pohang | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá) | ||
| Seongju | 떫다 (ttḕuldá) | ||
| Chilgok | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá) | ||
| Gyeongsan | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá) | ||
| Yeongcheon | 떫다 (ttḕuldá) | ||
| Goryeong | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá) | ||
| Cheongdo | 떫다 (ttḕuldá) | ||
| Gyeongju | 뚧다 (ttū̀ldá) | ||
| South Gyeongsang | Busan | 뚧다 (ttùldá) | |
| Ulsan | 뚧다 (ttùldá), 둛다 (dùpdá) | ||
| Changwon | 뚧다 (ttùpdá), 뚧다 (ttùldá) | ||
| Hapcheon | 떫다 (ttèupdá), 뚧다 (ttùldá) | ||
| Changnyeong | 뚧다 (ttùldá) | ||
| Miryang | 떫다 (ttèupdá), 뚧다 (ttùldá) | ||
| Hamyang | 떫다 (ttèupdá) | ||
| Sancheong | 뚧다 (ttùpdá) | ||
| Uiryeong | 떫다 (ttèupdá) | ||
| Hadong | 뚧다 (ttùpdá) | ||
| Jinju | 뚧다 (ttùldá), 떫다 (ttèoldá) | ||
| Haman | 뚧다 (ttùpdá), 떫다 (ttèuldá) | ||
| Gimhae | 둛다 (dùpdá) | ||
| Yangsan | 뚧다 (ttùldá) | ||
| Sacheon | 떫다 (ttèopdá), 떫다 (ttèoldá) | ||
| Goseong | 떫다 (ttèopdá), 떫다 (ttèoldá) | ||
| Namhae | 떫다 (ttèopdá), 떫다 (ttèoldá) | ||
| Tongyeong | 떫다 (ttèopdá), 떫다 (ttèoldá) | ||
| Geoje | 떫다 (ttèupdá), 뚧다 (ttùldá) | ||
| Southwestern Korean (Jeolla) | North Jeolla | Gunsan | 뚫다 (ttulta) |
| Iksan | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Wanju | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Jinan | 뚧다 (ttupda) | ||
| Muju | 뜳다 (tteupda) | ||
| Gimje | 떯다 (tteolta) | ||
| Buan | 떯다 (tteolta) | ||
| Imsil | 뚧다 (ttupda) | ||
| Jangsu | 뚧다 (ttupda) | ||
| Gochang | 뜷다 (tteulta) | ||
| Sunchang | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Namwon | 뚧다 (ttupda) | ||
| South Jeolla | Yeonggwang | 뜷다 (tteulta) | |
| Jangseong | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Damyang | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Gokseong | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Gurye | 뚧다 (ttupda) | ||
| Hampyeong | 떯다 (tteolta) | ||
| Sinan | 뛰르다 (ttwireuda) | ||
| Naju | 뜷다 (tteulta) | ||
| Hwasun | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Suncheon | 뚧다 (ttupda) | ||
| Gwangyang | 뚧다 (ttupda) | ||
| Yeongam | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Jindo | 뜷다 (tteulta) | ||
| Haenam | 뚫다 (ttulta) | ||
| Gangjin | 뛰르다 (ttwireuda) | ||
| Jangheung | 뛰르다 (ttwireuda) | ||
| Boseong | 뛰르다 (ttwireuda) | ||
| Goheung | 뚤따 (ttultta) | ||
| Northeastern Korean (Hamgyong) | North Hamgyong | Chongjin | 둛다 (dúpdà) |
| Kimchaek | 둛다 (dŭpdà) | ||
| Kilju | 둙다 (dŭkdà), 둛다 (dŭpdà) | ||
| Myongchon | 뚧다 (ttúpdà), 뚤르다 (ttùlúdà) | ||
| Kyongsong | 둛다 (dúpdà), 뚤르다 (ttùlúdà) | ||
| Puryong | 뚤르다 (ttùlúdà) | ||
| Musan | 둛다 (dúpdà), 뚧다 (ttúpdà) | ||
| Yukjin Korean | Yukjin | Hoeryong | 둛다 (dúpdà), 뚥다 (ttúkdà) |
| Onsong | 둛다 (dúpdà), 뚥다 (ttúkdà) | ||
| Kyongwon | 둙다 (dúkdà), 뚧다 (ttúpdà) | ||
| Jeju | Jeju City | ᄄᆞᆲ다 (ttawpda), ᄄᆞᆯ르다 (ttawlleuda), ᄄᆞᆯ우다 (ttawruda) | |
| Daejeong | ᄄᆞᆲ다 (ttawpda), ᄄᆞᆯ르다 (ttawlleuda), ᄄᆞᆯ우다 (ttawruda) | ||
| Gujwa | ᄄᆞᆲ다 (ttawpda), ᄄᆞᆯ르다 (ttawlleuda), ᄄᆞᆯ우다 (ttawruda) | ||
| Seogwipo | ᄄᆞᆲ다 (ttawpda), ᄄᆞᆯ르다 (ttawlleuda), ᄄᆞᆯ우다 (ttawruda) | ||
| This table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers, which has lexically converged towards the standard Seoul dialect in both North and South Koreas. | |||
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