비옥하다
Korean
Etymology
비옥(肥沃) (biok) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈpi(ː)o̞kʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [비(ː)오카다]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | biokhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | bioghada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | piokhada |
| Yale Romanization? | pīok.hata |
Adjective
비옥하다 • (biokhada) (infinitive 비옥해 or 비옥하여, sequential 비옥하니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 비옥하다 (biokhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 비옥하다 biokhada |
비옥해 biokhae |
비옥해요 biokhaeyo |
비옥합니다 biokhamnida |
| Past | 비옥했다 biokhaetda |
비옥했어 biokhaesseo |
비옥했어요 biokhaesseoyo |
비옥했습니다 biokhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 비옥하냐 biokhanya |
비옥해 biokhae |
비옥해요 biokhaeyo |
비옥합니까 biokhamnikka |
| Past | 비옥했냐 biokhaennya |
비옥했어 biokhaesseo |
비옥했어요 biokhaesseoyo |
비옥했습니까 biokhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 비옥하겠다 biokhagetda | 비옥하겠어 biokhagesseo | 비옥하겠어요 biokhagesseoyo | 비옥하겠습니다 biokhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 비옥해 biokhae | 비옥해서, 비옥하여서 biokhaeseo, biokhayeoseo | 비옥하니 biokhani | 비옥하니까 biokhanikka | |
| Contrast | 비옥하지만 biokhajiman | 비옥한데 biokhande | 비옥하더니 biokhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 비옥하고 biokhago | ||||
| Condition | 비옥하면 biokhamyeon | 비옥해야, 비옥하여야 biokhaeya, biokhayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 비옥함 biokham | 비옥하기 biokhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 비옥했음, 비옥하였음 biokhaesseum, biokhayeosseum | 비옥했기, 비옥하였기 biokhaetgi, biokhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 비옥한 biokhan | |||
| Future | 비옥할 biokhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 비옥하시다 biokhasida |
비옥하셔 biokhasyeo |
비옥하세요, 비옥하셔요 biokhaseyo, biokhasyeoyo |
비옥하십니다 biokhasimnida |
| Past | 비옥하셨다 biokhasyeotda |
비옥하셨어 biokhasyeosseo |
비옥하셨어요 biokhasyeosseoyo |
비옥하셨습니다 biokhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 비옥하시냐 biokhasinya |
비옥하셔 biokhasyeo |
비옥하세요, 비옥하셔요 biokhaseyo, biokhasyeoyo |
비옥하십니까 biokhasimnikka |
| Past | 비옥하셨냐 biokhasyeonnya |
비옥하셨어 biokhasyeosseo |
비옥하셨어요 biokhasyeosseoyo |
비옥하셨습니까 biokhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 비옥하시겠다 biokhasigetda | 비옥하시겠어 biokhasigesseo | 비옥하시겠어요 biokhasigesseoyo | 비옥하시겠습니다 biokhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 비옥하셔 biokhasyeo | 비옥하셔서 biokhasyeoseo | 비옥하시니 biokhasini | 비옥하시니까 biokhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 비옥하시지만 biokhasijiman | 비옥하신데 biokhasinde | 비옥하시더니 biokhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 비옥하시고 biokhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 비옥하시면 biokhasimyeon | 비옥하셔야 biokhasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 비옥하심 biokhasim | 비옥하시기 biokhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 비옥하셨음 biokhasyeosseum | 비옥하셨기 biokhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 비옥하신 biokhasin | |||
| Future | 비옥하실 biokhasil | ||||
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