πππππ
Prakrit
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit ΰ€ΰ€€ΰ₯ΰ€·ΰ₯ΰ€ (catuαΉ£ka). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit ππ€πΌπππ (cadukka).
Noun
πππππ (caΓΌkka) n (Devanagari ΰ€ΰ€ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€, Kannada ΰ²ΰ²ΰ²ΰ³ΰ²) (Ardhamagadhi, Maharastri)
- square, crossroads
- c. 700 CE, Anonymous, MaαΉipati-Carita 5:
- πππ«πΌπ³-πππππ-πππππ-π’πΊπ¬-πππ¬π-π’πππ‘ππ³πΊ π²πΌ-π―πΊπͺπ’ππ’πΈ ππ«π‘π»π¬πΈ ππΈπ«-π²ππ-π§πΌπππππ‘π»-π¦πΊπ¬π-π²πππΌπ’ππ’πΈ
- caΓΌmuha-caΓΌkka-caccara-tiya-goyara-toraαΉehi su-vibhattΔ ramaαΉΔ«yΔ rΔma-saro-pukkharaαΉΔ«-niyara-saαΉjuttΔ
- [There in that pleasant country [β¦] ] is a city properly divided by gates giving access to squares, court-yards, and intersections of three or four roads, attractive and possessed of numbers of agreeable lakes and lotus-pools.
- πππ«πΌπ³-πππππ-πππππ-π’πΊπ¬-πππ¬π-π’πππ‘ππ³πΊ π²πΌ-π―πΊπͺπ’ππ’πΈ ππ«π‘π»π¬πΈ ππΈπ«-π²ππ-π§πΌπππππ‘π»-π¦πΊπ¬π-π²πππΌπ’ππ’πΈ
Declension
| Maharastri declension of πππππ (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ππππππ (caΓΌkkaαΉ) | ππππππΈππ (caΓΌkkΔiαΉ) or ππππππΈπ (caΓΌkkΔi) |
| Accusative | ππππππ (caΓΌkkaαΉ) | ππππππΈππ (caΓΌkkΔiαΉ) or ππππππΈπ (caΓΌkkΔi) |
| Instrumental | πππππππ‘ (caΓΌkkeαΉa) or πππππππ‘π (caΓΌkkeαΉaαΉ) | πππππππ³πΊ (caΓΌkkehi) or πππππππ³πΊπ (caΓΌkkehiαΉ) |
| Dative | ππππππΈπ (caΓΌkkΔa) | β |
| Ablative | ππππππΈπ (caΓΌkkΔo) or ππππππΈπ (caΓΌkkΔu) or ππππππΈ (caΓΌkkΔ) or ππππππΈπ³πΊ (caΓΌkkΔhi) or ππππππΈπ³πΊππ’π (caΓΌkkΔhiαΉto) | β |
| Genitive | ππππππ²ππ² (caΓΌkkassa) | ππππππΈπ‘ (caΓΌkkΔαΉa) or ππππππΈπ‘π (caΓΌkkΔαΉaαΉ) |
| Locative | ππππππ«ππ«πΊ (caΓΌkkammi) or ππππππ (caΓΌkke) | πππππππ²πΌ (caΓΌkkesu) or πππππππ²πΌπ (caΓΌkkesuαΉ) |
| Vocative | πππππ (caΓΌkka) or ππππππΈ (caΓΌkkΔ) | ππππππΈππ (caΓΌkkΔiαΉ) or ππππππΈπ (caΓΌkkΔi) |
Descendants
- Old Marathi: cauka
- Devanagari script: ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€
- Modi script: ππΌπ
- Marathi: ΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ (cauk)
References
- Pischel, Richard; Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 210.
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakritβ, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 19.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969β1985), βcatuαΉ£kaβ, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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