-илка

Bulgarian

Etymology

Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ило (-ilo) + -ка (-ka), built upon the instrumental suffix Proto-Slavic *-dlo. In some cases, both the base form in -ило (-ilo) and the diminutive form in -илка (-ilka) are attested, e.g.:

обеся (obesja, “to gibbet”) → бесило (besilo, “gibbet”) → бесилка (besilka, “gibbet, gallows”).

Occasionally, the suffix can be applied on loanwords ending on -(и)л-, e.g.:

French bouteille → Bulgarian бутилка (butilka, “bottle”).

Suffix

-илка • (-ilka) f

  1. Deverbial, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns.
    храня (hranja, “to feed”) → хранилка (hranilka, “feeder, feeding trough”)
    поя (poja, “to quench”) → поилка (poilka, “quencher, quenching trough”)
    остря (ostrja, “to sharpen”) → острилка (ostrilka, “pencil sharpener”)
    мътя (mǎtja, “to stir, to rumple”) → мътилка (mǎtilka, “sludge”)
  2. Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or object nouns, probably via an intermediate (often obsolete) causative verb.
    кост (kost, “bone”) → костя (kostja, “to get rid of bones”) (obsolete) → костилка (kostilka, “pyrene”)
    мас (mas, “ointment, liniment”) → *мазя (*mazja) → мазилка (mazilka, “coating (of wall), plaster”)

Usage notes

The suffix carries an implicit imperfective aspect to the derivatives that it creates. For objects that are derived at once or used only once, the perfective suffix -улка (-ulka) is used:

вися impf (visja, “to hang, to impend”) → висилка (visilka, “horizontal bar (for continuous hanging)”)
vs висвам pf (visvam, “to get hanging”) → висулка (visulka, “pendant”)

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