Capitolium

From Latin Capitōlium (“the Temple of Jupiter in Rome, the Capitoline Hill”), from caput (“head”).

Capitolium (plural Capitolia)

1. An ancient temple dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, built on hills and other prominent areas in many cities in Italy and the provinces.
2. The Capitol. A citadel of Rome.

Likely connected with caput (“head”).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ka.piˈtoː.li.um/, [käpɪˈt̪oːlʲiʊ̃ˑ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ka.piˈto.li.um/, [käpiˈt̪ɔːlium]

Capitōlium n sg (genitive Capitōliī or Capitōlī); second declension

1. The Capitoline Hill, one of the Seven hills of Rome.

Second-declension noun (neuter), singular only.

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

• Inherited forms:
  • Italian: Campidoglio
  • Old Occitan: capdolh
    • Auvergnat: Chaptuèlh
      • → French: Chapteuil
  • Sicilian: Capitugghiu
• Borrowings:
  • → English: Capitolium
  • → Portuguese: Capitólio
  • → Sicilian: Capitùliu
  • → Spanish: Capitolio

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “capitŏlium”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 265