< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/toipudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Inflection
Inflection of *toipudak
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *toibun | *toibuin | — | *toipugon |
| 2nd sing. | *toibut | *toibuit | *toibuk | *toipugos |
| 3rd sing. | *toipubi *toipu |
*toipui | *toipugasen | *toipugosen |
| 1st plur. | *toibukmek *toibukmak |
*toipuimek *toipuimak |
*toipugatemek *toipugatamak |
*toipugotemek *toipugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *toibuktek *toibuktak |
*toipuidek *toipuidak |
*toipugate *toipugata |
*toipugot'ek *toipugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *toipubat *toipu |
*toipui | *toipugasen | *toipugosen |
| passive | *toibuksen | *toipudisen *toibuttisen |
*toipudakahen *toibuttakahen |
*toipudakohen *toibuttakohen |
| connegative | *toibuk | — | *toipugak | *toipugok |
| passive connegative | *toibuktak | — | *toipudagak *toibuttagak |
*toipudagok *toibuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *toibukcin | *toipuicin | *toipunen | |
| 2nd sing. | *toibukcit | *toipuicit | *toipunet | |
| 3rd sing. | *toibukci | *toipuici | *toipuni | |
| 1st plur. | *toibukcimek *toibukcimak |
*toipuicimek *toipuicimak |
*toipunemek *toipunemak | |
| 2nd plur. | *toibukcidek *toibukcidak |
*toipuicidek *toipuicidak |
*toipunedek *toipunedak | |
| 3rd plur. | *toibukci | *toipuici | *toipuni | |
| passive | *toipudakcihen *toibut'akcihen |
*toipudicihen *toibutticihen |
*toipudanehen *toibuttanehen | |
| connegative | *toibukcik | *toipuicik | *toipunek | |
| passive connegative | *toipudakcik *toibut'akcik |
*toipudicik *toibutticik |
*toipudanek *toibuttanek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *toipudak | present | *toipuba | *toipudapa *toibuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *toipude- | past | *toipunut | *toipudu *toibuttu |
| gerund/supine | *toipuma | |||
| action noun | *toipuminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: toibuma/toibuda
- Finnish: toipua
- Karelian: toipuo, toibuo
- Livvi: toibuo
- Ludian: toibduda
- Veps: toibuda
- Võro: toibuma/toibudaq
Further reading
- toibuma in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
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