< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þwerhaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Presumably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”); compare Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”) and Latin torqueō (“to twist”). Kroonen assumes metathesis of Pre-Germanic *térkʷos to *twérkos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈθwer.xɑz/
Inflection
Declension of *þwerhaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *þwerhaz | *þwerhai | *þwerhō | *þwerhôz | *þwerhą, -atō | *þwerhō |
| Accusative | *þwerhanǭ | *þwerhanz | *þwerhǭ | *þwerhōz | *þwerhą, -atō | *þwerhō |
| Genitive | *þwerhas, -is | *þwerhaizǫ̂ | *þwerhaizōz | *þwerhaizǫ̂ | *þwerhas, -is | *þwerhaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *þwerhammai | *þwerhaimaz | *þwerhaizōi | *þwerhaimaz | *þwerhammai | *þwerhaimaz |
| Instrumental | *þwerhanō | *þwerhaimiz | *þwerhaizō | *þwerhaimiz | *þwerhanō | *þwerhaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *þwerhô | *þwerhaniz | *þwerhǭ | *þwerhōniz | *þwerhô | *þwerhōnō |
| Accusative | *þwerhanų | *þwerhanunz | *þwerhōnų | *þwerhōnunz | *þwerhô | *þwerhōnō |
| Genitive | *þwerhiniz | *þwerhanǫ̂ | *þwerhōniz | *þwerhōnǫ̂ | *þwerhiniz | *þwerhanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *þwerhini | *þwerhammaz | *þwerhōni | *þwerhōmaz | *þwerhini | *þwerhammaz |
| Instrumental | *þwerhinē | *þwerhammiz | *þwerhōnē | *þwerhōmiz | *þwerhinē | *þwerhammiz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *þwerh
- Old Norse: þverr
- Gothic: 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍃 (þwairhs)
Further reading
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
References
- kvär in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- “kvär” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog
- “kvær” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
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