Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/butmaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*budmaz, *budmô, *buttmô

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn, gen. *bʰudʰmnós. According to Kroonen, the -m- had been dissimilated in the genitive already in Proto-Indo-European, giving Sanskrit बुध्न (budhna) and Latin fundus, resulting in a Germanic paradigm of *budm-, *butt-, which then gave rise to other variants.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbut.mɑz/

Noun

*butmaz m

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *butmaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*butmaz	butmōz, butmōs
vocative	*butm	butmōz, butmōs
accusative	*butmą	*butmanz
genitive	butmas, butmis	*butmǫ̂
dative	*butmai	*butmamaz
instrumental	*butmō	*butmamiz

Descendants

The original paradigm of *budm-, *butm- allowed for different leveling among the daughter languages.

Old English: bodan, botm
- Middle English: botme, botom, botome, bothom, bothum, botham, bothme, botym, bottum, butme, boþem
  - English: bottom, botton
    - → French: bottom
  - Scots: boddem, boddum, boddam, boddom, bottome
  - Yola: bothom
  - ⇒ Middle English: bum (syncopated)
    - English: bum
    - Scots: bum
Old Frisian: bodem, boden
- North Frisian: bom
- Saterland Frisian: Boudem
- West Frisian: beame (archaic), boaiem, boom
Old Saxon: bodom
- Middle Low German: bōdeme, bodem, boddeme, boddem, bodden
  - German Low German: Bodden, Borrn, Böhn, Baam
    Münsterländisch: Buodden
  - Plautdietsch: Boddem
Old Dutch: *bodom
- Middle Dutch: bodem
  - Dutch: bodem
    - Afrikaans: bodem
    - → Papiamentu: bòm, boom
  - Limburgish: boeadem, baom
Old High German: bodam, podam
- Middle High German: bodem, boden
  - German: Boden
  - Hunsrik: Boddem
  - Luxembourgish: Buedem
Old Norse: botn
- Icelandic: botn
- Faroese: botnur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: botn
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: botn
- Norwegian Bokmål: bånn
- Old Swedish: butn, botn
  - Swedish: botten
- Old Danish: botn, bon
  - Danish: bund
    - Norwegian Bokmål: bunn
- Elfdalian: buottn
- Gutnish: buttn
- Scanian: bónð
- → Proto-Samic: *ponnē:
  - Western Samic:
    - Southern Sami: bädnie
    - Ume Sami: bådˈnee
    - Pite Sami: påtnie
    - Northern Sami: bodni
  - Eastern Samic:
    - Inari Sami: ponne
    - Skolt Sami: påʹnn
    - Akkala Sami: поннҍ (ponn’)
    - Kildin Sami: поаннҍ (pånn’)
    - Ter Sami: ponne

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN