< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kūz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kuːz/

Noun

*kūz f

  1. cow

Inflection

The exact inflection of this word is uncertain, but likely alternated between the stems *kū- and *kwō-. The former originates from an earlier *kwōu- in which the long vowel was assimilated to the adjacent labials.

consonant stemDeclension of *kūz (consonant stem)
singular plural
nominative *kūz *kwōiz
vocative *kū *kwōiz
accusative *kwǭ *kwōnz
genitive *kwōiz *kwōǫ̂
dative *kwōi *kwōmaz
instrumental *kwōē *kwōmiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kū
    • Old English:
      • Middle English: cou, cow, cowe, cu, kow, kowe, ku
        • English: cow (see there for further descendants)
        • Scots: coo, coe, cou
        • Yola: keow
    • Old Frisian:
      • North Frisian: ko, ,
      • Saterland Frisian: Ku
      • West Frisian: ko
    • Old Saxon:
    • Old Dutch: cuo
      • Middle Dutch: coe
        • Dutch: koe
          • Afrikaans: koei
          • Berbice Creole Dutch: kui
          • Jersey Dutch: , kûche, kûtše, kûtśe
          • Negerhollands: koei, kui, kuj
          • Skepi Creole Dutch: kui
          • Loup A: kui (derived from a colloquial form)
          • Mahican: kójak
          • Munsee: kóowuy, kooy
        • Limburgish: ków
        • West Flemish: koe
    • Old High German: kuo
  • Proto-Norse:
    • Old West Norse: kýr
    • Old East Norse: *kōʀ
      • Old Swedish:
        • Swedish: ko
      • Old Danish:
        • Danish: ko
  • Proto-Samic: *kusë
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