< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kewH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*(s)kewH-

  1. to cover, conceal, hide
  2. hide, skin

Extensions
  • *(s)kewdʰ-
    • *(s)kéwH-dʰh₁eti
      • Proto-Celtic: *koudeti
        • Proto-Brythonic: *kʉðɨd (“to hide”)
          • Middle Breton: cuzaff
            • Breton: kuzhat
          • Cornish: cuthe
          • Welsh: cuddio
      • Proto-Hellenic: *kéutʰō
        • Ancient Greek: κεύθω (keúthō, “to cover, hide, conceal”)
    • *(s)kéwdʰ-ye-ti
        • Proto-Germanic: *hūdijaną[1] (see there for further descendants)
          • Proto-West Germanic: *hūdijan
            • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *hudijā, *hudjā (“hut, shelter”)
              • >? Old High German: hutta (“hut, cottage”) (see there for further descendants)

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kewH-
  • *(s)ku-né-H-ti
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *skunáHti
  • *(s)kewH-lo-
    • >? Proto-Celtic: *kūlos
      • Proto-Brythonic: *kil
        • Breton: kil (“nape, back”)
        • Welsh: cil (“corner, nook; nape, back”)
      • Old Irish: cúl (“posterior”)
        • Irish: cúl
        • Manx: cooyl
        • Scottish Gaelic: cùl
    • Proto-Germanic: *skeulą (“shelter, hiding place”)[2] (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skiulijaną (“to shelter, hide”)[3] (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Proto-Italic: *kūlos[4]
      • Latin: cūlus (“posterior”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
  • *(s)kewH-ṓ
    • Proto-Germanic: *skiwô (“cloud cover, haze, sky”)[6] (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skiwją (“cloud, sky”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)kéwH-tis ~ *(s)kuH-téys (“skin, hide; sac”)
    • Proto-Celtic: *kutis
      • Proto-Brythonic: *kud
        • Welsh: cwd (“pouch, bag, sac, purse; scrotum”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *hūdiz (“hide, skin”)[7] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *kutis[8]
      • Latin: cutis (“skin, hide, leather”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tocharian: *kwāc[9][10]
      • Tocharian A: kāc (“skin”)
    • ⇒ *(s)kuH-ty-eh₂ or *(s)kuH-ty-ō[9]
  • *(s)kowH-éh₂[11]
    • Proto-Germanic: *hawō
      • Old Norse: há f (“hide”)
  • *(s)kówH-l̥ ~ *(s)kówH-ōl
    • ⇒ *(s)kowH-ol-ō
      • Proto-Germanic: *skawalô[12]
        • >? Old Norse: skáli (“small building, shed, barn; room; drinking hall”)
          • → Middle English: scale
            • English: scale (dialectal)
          • Faroese: skáli
          • Icelandic: skáli (“hut, shed; barn, lodge; hall, dining hall”)
          • Norwegian Bokmål: skåle (“hut”)
          • Swedish: skål, skåla (“hut”) (dialectal)
  • *(s)kuH-r-éh₂
    • Proto-Germanic: *skūrō (“shelter”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)kuH-s-ó-m
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *hūsą (“house”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)kúH-t-ō
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *huþô (“testicle”)[13] (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)kuH-tó-m
    • Latin: scūtum (“shield, defense”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)ku(H)-tó-s
    • Ancient Greek: σκῦτος (skûtos, “skin, hide”)
    • Ancient Greek: κύτος (kútos, “hollow vessel”) (possibly, alternatively from *(s)kew- (“to pluck”))
  • Unsorted formations:
    • >? Old Armenian: սուզանեմ (suzanem)
    • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kjáuˀtas (“shell, skin”)
      • Lithuanian: kiáutas
      • Old Prussian: keuta
    • Lithuanian: kutỹs (“purse”)
    • Lithuanian: kẽvalas (“skin, cover”)
    • >? Old English: sċunian (“to shun, avoid; to detest”), sċeonian, sċynian, sċyniġan
    • Proto-Germanic: *husǭ (“outer covering, shell, husk; leggings”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒? Sanskrit: कुहू (kuhū, “new moon”)
    • ⇒? Sanskrit: कुहरम् (kuharam, “cave, cavity, hole”)
    • >? Proto-Italic: *kustots
      • Latin: custōs (“guard, keeper, jailer”) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xūđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 196
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*skeulan ~ *skūlan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 339
  3. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*skeuljanan ~ *skūljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 339
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cūlus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 151
  5. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “σκύλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1363
  6. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*skiwōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 341
  7. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hūdi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 251–252
  8. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cutis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160
  9. Hilmarsson, Jörundur (1985), “Toch. A kāc, Lat. cutis, OIcel. húð < I.E. *kuHtís ‘skin’”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung, volume 98, pages 162–163
  10. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “kātso”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 165–166
  11. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hawō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 218
  12. de Vries, Jan (1977), “skáli”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary] (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 481b
  13. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xūđiz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 196: “WGmc *xuþan ‘testicle’”
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