< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leb-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction

The reconstruction is uncertain, and contains the rare PIE phoneme *b. A secondary form *lh₂P- also exists, with a variety of labials standing in for P. Moreover, the Iranian initial l- is irregular. The root therefore probably originates from a substrate language or is onomatopoeic.[1]

Root

*leb-

  1.  ? to hang down loosely
  2. lip
  3. to lick

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leb-
  • *léb-ti ~ *l̥b-énti (athematic root present)
    • Proto-Anatolian: *lébti
  • *leb-oyé-ti?
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Germanic: *lepô, *lipjô (“lip”)
    • Proto-Germanic:
    • Hellenic:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lap-
      • Proto-Iranian: *lap-
        • Middle Persian: [script needed] (lab)
          • Persian: لب‎ (lab, “lip”)
        • Lurish:
          Northern Luri: ڵۋ‎ (łü)
          Bakhtiari: لۋ‎ (lü)
          Southern Luri: لۋ‎ (lü)
        • Kurdish:
          Northern Kurdish: lêv (“lip”), liv (“movement, act of moving”)
          Central Kurdish: لێو‎ (lêw, “lip”)
          Southern Kurdish: لێو‎ (lêw, “lip”)
        • Zazaki: lew (“lip”)
    • Italic:

From the root *lh₂P-:

  • *lh₂b- (root present)
    • Proto-Germanic: *lapaną (“to lick”)
      • Old High German: laffan
  • *lh₂-né-b(ʰ)- ~ *lh₂-m-b(ʰ)- (nasal-infix present)
    • Italic:
  • *lh₂b-el-os
    • Proto-Germanic: *lapilaz (“spoon”)
      • Dutch: lepel
      • Old High German: leffil
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Albanian: lap (“to lick up water”)
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: լափեմ (lapʿem, “to lap up, lick up; to eat up greedily, devour”)
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: lapènti (“to eat greedily”)
      • Slavic:
        • East Slavic:
          • Russian: ло́пать (lópatʹ, “to gobble up”)
          • (possibly) Russian: лобзать (lobzatʹ, “to kiss”)
        • South Slavic:
          • Bulgarian: лапам (lapam, “to eat greedily”)
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: λάπτω (láptō, “to lick”)
      • Ancient Greek: λαφύσσω (laphússō, “to devour”)

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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