< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/perḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*perḱ-[1][2][3]

  1. colored
  2. motley

Derived terms
  • *pr̥ḱ-néh₂[4]
    • Proto-Germanic: *furhnō (see there for further descendants)
  • *pr̥ḱ-ni-s[5]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥ćniš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥śniṣ
        • Sanskrit: पृश्नि (pṛ́śni)
      • Proto-Iranian: *pŕ̥cniš
        • Middle Persian: plš (parš, “spotted, speckled”)
        • Mazanderani: برجی‎ (barji)
  • *perḱ-no-s[6]
  • *pr̥ḱ-nó-m[7]
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: πρακνόν (praknón)
  • *perḱ-ó-s[8]
    • Proto-Celtic: *ɸerkos
      • Primitive Irish: ᚓᚏᚉᚐ (Erca)[9]
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: *περκός (*perkós)[3]
        • ⇒ Ancient Greek: περκάζω (perkázō)
        • ⇒ Ancient Greek: περκαίνω (perkaínō)
        • ⇒ Ancient Greek: περκόομαι (perkóomai)
        • Ancient Greek: πέρκος (pérkos)
        • Ancient Greek: πέρκη (pérkē)
        • Ancient Greek: περκάς (perkás)
  • *porḱ-ró-s[10]
    • Proto-Italic: *porkros
      • >? Latin: pulcher (see there for further descendants) (Proposed by Walde-Hoffman and Pokorny, rejected by De Vaan)
  • *porḱ-wó-s[11]
    • Proto-Germanic: *farwaz (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *farwō (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Albanian: *priknjā
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: πρόξ (próx)
      • Ancient Greek: πρώξ (prṓx)
      • Ancient Greek: προκάς (prokás)

Further reading

Root

*perḱ-[12][13]

  1. to open, rip up
  2. to dig

Derived terms
  • *perḱ-ō~*pr̥ḱ-n-és
    • Proto-Germanic: *ferhô[14]
      • Old Norse: *feri
        • Norwegian: fere (“ridge between two furrows”) (dialectal)
  • *pórḱ-ono-s[15]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *párćānas
  • *pórḱ-o-s (“piglet”)[16][17][18]
  • *pr̥ḱ-eh₂[19][20][21]
    • Proto-Celtic: *ɸrikā (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *enterɸrikā[22][23]
        • Middle Irish: etarche
    • Proto-Italic: *porkā
      • Latin: porca (see there for further descendants)
  • >? *pérḱ-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-és[24]
    • Proto-Germanic: *furhs (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: prapar̃šas (“ditch”)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “perk̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 820
  2. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*ferko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 128: “*perḱ-”
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “περκνός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1178
  4. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furhnō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*prḱ-neh₂-”
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*farwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 130: “*prḱ-ni-”
  6. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*farwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 130: “*perḱ-no-”
  7. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “περκνός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1178: “*pr̥ḱ-n-”
  8. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*farwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 130: “*porḱ-uó-”
  9. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*ferko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 128: “ERCA”
  10. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pulcher”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496: “*polkro- or *pelkro-”
  11. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*farwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 130: “*porḱ-uó-”
  12. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “perk̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 821
  13. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*frikā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140/141: “*perḱ-”
  14. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*ferhan-”
  15. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*pe/orḱ-ono-”
  16. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “porcus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481: “*pórk-o-”
  17. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*forko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140/141: “*porḱo-”
  18. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*farha-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 129: “*porḱ-o-”
  19. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*frikā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140/141: “*pr̥keh₂”
  20. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “porca”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481: “*prḱ-h₂-”
  21. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*p(o)rḱ-eh₂-”
  22. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*h₁enter-prḱ-ieh₂-”
  23. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*frikā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140/141: “*enter-frikā”
  24. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*prk-”
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