< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćasás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction

Sanskrit शश (śaśa) is from an earlier *शस (śasa), with the first sibilant influencing the second.[1] The distant assimilation of Proto-Indo-Aryan *s to *ś in the neighborhood of another *ś in Sanskrit observed in Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćasás > Proto-Indo-Aryan *śasás > Sanskrit शश (śaśá) is also found in *swáćuras > Proto-Indo-Aryan *swáśuras > Sanskrit श्वशुर (śváśura).[2] The second consonant of the Iranian descendants is /h/, pointing to PII *ćasás.

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱesós (“grey; hare”). Compare Latin cānus, Old English hara (English hare), Old Prussian sasnis (“hare”).

Noun

*ćasás m

  1. hare

Declension
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *ćasás *ćasā́ *ćasā́, -ā́s(as)
vocative *ćasa *ćasā́ *ćasā́, -ā́s(as)
accusative *ćasám *ćasā́ *ćasā́ns
instrumental *ćasā́ *ćasáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *ćasā́yš
ablative *ćasā́t *ćasáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *ćasáybʰyas
dative *ćasā́y *ćasáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *ćasáybʰyas
genitive *ćasásya *ćasáyās *ćasā́na(H)m
locative *ćasáy *ćasáyaw *ćasáyšu

Derived terms
  • *ćasakas (diminutive)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śasakas
      • Sanskrit: शशक (śaśaka)
        • → Hindustani: (learned)
        • Middle Indo-Aryan:
          • Pali: sasaka
          • Sauraseni Prakrit:
            • Hindi: ससक (sasak) (uncommon)
            • Romani: śośoj
    • Proto-Iranian: *cahakah
      • Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬵𐬏𐬖‎ (sahūγ)
      • Old Persian: *θahakaʰ
        • Middle Persian: [script needed] (shwk' /sahōg/)
      • Parachi: sahȫk
      • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (s'k)
      • Yidgha: sīɣ

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śasás
    • Sanskrit: शश (śaśá)
      • Pali: sasa
      • Prakrit:
        • Magadhi Prakrit:
          • Assamese: শহা (xoha)
          • Bengali: শশা (śośa)
        • Helu:
          • Sinhalese: සාවා (sāwā), සහාවා (sahāwā), ශශයා (śaśayā), සැසයා (sæsayā), හාවෝ (hāwō)?
        • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀲 (sasa)
        • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀲 (sasa)
          • Gujarati: સસલું (saslũ)
          • Hindi: सस (sas)
          • Punjabi: ਸਹਾ (sahā), ਸਹਿਆ (sahiā)
          • Romani: sosoi
      • → Tamil: சசம் (cacam)
  • Proto-Iranian: *caháh
    • Pashto: سوی‎ (soy)
    • Khotanese: 𑀲𑀳 (saha)
    • Wakhi: sыy
    • Ishkashimi: si
    • Sanglechi: sui

References
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “śaśá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
  1. Monier Williams (1899), “Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćasás”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1060.
  2. Hock, Hans Henrich (1991) Principles of historical linguistics, Walter de Gruyter, page 130
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