< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bʰiš-

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Root

*bʰiš-[1]

  1. to, heal cure
  2. medicine, medicinal herb

Descendants
  • Proto-Iranian: *biš (“healing”)[2]
    • Old Avestan: 𐬠𐬌𐬱‎ (biš, “healing, remedy”)[3]
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 𐬠𐬌𐬱𐬌‎ (paiti biši, “medicinal”), 𐬠𐬌𐬱𐬌𐬱 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬋‎ (bišiš framātō, “skilled in medicine”)[2]

Derived terms
  • *bʰišaȷ́- (“to heal”, root)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰiṣaȷ́-
    • Proto-Iranian: *bišaj-[2]
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬌𐬱𐬀𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝‎ (bišaziiāt̰), 𐬠𐬌𐬱𐬀𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬋𐬌𐬱‎ (bišaziiōiš, 2nd person optative singular), 𐬠𐬌𐬱𐬀𐬰𐬁𐬥𐬌‎ (bišazāni)
      • Middle Persian: (/bišāzēnīdan, bišāz-/, “to heal, cure”)
        Manichaean: 𐫁𐫏𐫢𐫀𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫏𐫅𐫗‎ (byšʾzynydn), 𐫁𐫏𐫢𐫀𐫉-‎ (byšʾz-)
        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (byšʾcynytn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (byšʾc-)
    • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰišáȷ́ (“doctor, physician”)
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰiṣáȷ́
      • Proto-Iranian: *bišáj
        • Middle Persian: (/bišāz/, “doctor, healer, physician”)
          Manichaean: 𐫁𐫏𐫢𐫀𐫉‎ (byšʾz), 𐫁𐫏𐫢𐫀𐫝‎ (byšʾc)
        • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *bišajkah (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰayšaȷ́ás (“curative, healing”)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (1999), “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki
  2. Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*bišaz”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21
  3. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “bhis.áj-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
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