Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/parnám

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pornóm, from *p(t)erH- (“fern”).

Noun

*parnám n (stem *parna-)

leaf
feather, wing

Declension

neuter a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*parnám	*parnáy	*parnáH
vocative	*parnám	*parnáy	*parnáH
accusative	*parnám	*parnáy	*parnáH
instrumental	*parnā́	*parnáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*parnā́yš
ablative	*parnā́t	*parnáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*parnáybʰyas
dative	*parnā́y	*parnáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*parnáybʰyas
genitive	*parnásya	*parnáyās	*parnā́na(H)m
locative	*parnáy	*parnáyaw	*parnáyšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *parnám
- Sanskrit: पर्ण (parṇá)
  - Dardic:
    - Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (paṇa)
    - Kalasha: pọ̃
    - Kashmiri: پَن‎ (pan)
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ފަން‎ (fan̊)
    - Sinhalese: පන (pana)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
    - Assamese: পাণ (pan, “betel leaf”)
    - Bengali: পান (pan, “betel leaf”)
    - Bihari: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
      - Bhojpuri: 𑂣𑂰𑂢 (pān, “betel leaf”)
      - Maithili: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
      - Magahi: 𑂣𑂰𑂢 (pān, “betel leaf”)
    - Oriya: ପାନ (panô, “betel leaf”)
    - Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠘ (fan, “betel leaf”)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
  - Pali: paṇṇa
    - → Khmer: ប័ណ្ណ (ban) (learned)
    - → Lao: ບັນນະ (ban na) (learned)
    - → Thai: บรรณ (ban) (learned)
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
    - Doteli: पन्ना (pannā)
    - Garhwali: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
    - Gurjar Apabhramsa: पण्ण (paṇṇa)
      - Old Gujarati: पान (pāna)
        Gujarati: પાન (pān)
        ⇒ Gujarati: પાંદડું (pā̃dḍũ)
        Marwari: पान (pān)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: पान (pān, “betel leaf”), पन्ना (pannā, “page”)
      Urdu: پن‎ (pān, “betel leaf”), پنا‎ (pannā, “page”)
    - Kumaoni: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
    - Nepali: पानु (pānu), पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
    - Punjabi: ਪੰਨਾ (pannā)
    - Sindhi: पनु (panu)
Proto-Iranian: *parnám
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀‎ (par^əna)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (pn)
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (pārra)
  - Sogdian:
    Buddhist: [script needed] (prn /paṙn/)
  - Wakhi: pār
  - Yagnobi: [script needed] (pan(n))
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Gurani: پەل‎ (pal)
  - Northern Kurdish: perr (pař)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Munji: [script needed] (pūŋ(ǵ))
  - Pashto: بڼه‎ f (bë́ṇa)
  - Sarikoli: [script needed] (pun)
  - Shughni: [script needed] (pūn)
  - Yazghulami: [script needed] (pun)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian:
    - Middle Persian: pr (parr)
      - Persian: پر‎ (par)
      - Tajik: пар (par)
Proto-Nuristani: *pā́ra
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: pór
    
    Kativiri: přór
  - Prasuni: párëg
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: pā́r

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