< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/putrás
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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *putlós; cognate with Paelignian puclo- (“child”).
Declension
| masculine a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *putrás | *putrā́ | *putrā́, -ā́s(as) |
| vocative | *putra | *putrā́ | *putrā́, -ā́s(as) |
| accusative | *putrám | *putrā́ | *putrā́ns |
| instrumental | *putrā́ | *putráybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām | *putrā́yš |
| ablative | *putrā́t | *putráybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām | *putráybʰyas |
| dative | *putrā́y | *putráybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām | *putráybʰyas |
| genitive | *putrásya | *putráyās | *putrā́na(H)m |
| locative | *putráy | *putráyaw | *putráyšu |
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *putrás
- Sanskrit: पुत्र (putrá) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *puθráh
- Avestan: 𐬞𐬎𐬚𐬭𐬀 (puθra)
- Ossetian: фырт (fyrt)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (pūra)
- Wakhi: (/pɨtr ~ pətr/)
- Arabic: پوْتر, پوتر
- Cyrillic: пытр (pytr), пәтр
- Bactrian: πουρο (pouro)
- Khwarezmian: پر (pr /*pir ~ *pər/)
- Sogdian: (/pəšē ~ pišē ~ piθrē/)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (pšy), [script needed] (pyδrʾk)
- Manichaean: 𐫛𐫢𐫏 (pšy)
- Syriac: ܦܝܯܪܐܟ (pyδrʾk)
- Baluchi: پسگ (pussag)
- Northern Kurdish: pis (as in pismam, "uncle's son, male cousin"), por (as in pispor, "specialist")
- Parthian: (/puhr/)
- Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭁𐭓𐭉 (BRY)
- Manichaean: 𐫛𐫇𐫍𐫡 (pwhr)
- → Middle Persian: (/puhr ~ buhr/)
- Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭯𐭥𐭤𐭫 (pwhl)
- Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pwhl)
- Old Persian: 𐎱𐎢𐏂 (p-u-ç /puça/)
- Middle Persian: (/pus, pusar/)
- Middle Persian: 𐭡𐭥𐭤 (BRE)
- Manichaean: 𐫛𐫇𐫘 (pws), 𐫛𐫇𐫘𐫡 (pwsr)
- Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pws), [Book Pahlavi needed] (BRE); [Book Pahlavi needed] (pwsl), [Book Pahlavi needed] (BREl)
- Middle Persian: (/pus, pusar/)
- Proto-Nuristani: *pū́tra (irregular accent and vowel)
- Northern Nuristani:
- Kamkata-viri:
- Kamviri: pǘtr
- Kativiri: pítr
- Kamkata-viri:
- Southern Nuristani:
- Tregami: pútr
- Waigali: pütr
- Northern Nuristani:
References
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “putrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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